Vision, Bone Health, and Supplements

These flashcards cover key concepts related to vision, bone health, and dietary supplements from the NUTRI 300 lecture notes.

What are retinoids?

Chemical forms of preformed vitamin A, including retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid.

What is the function of vitamin A?

Essential for vision, keeps tissues and skin healthy, important for bone growth and immune system function.

What food sources are rich in vitamin A?

Sources include beef liver, eggs, shrimp, fish, fortified milk, and orange/green vegetables like carrots and sweet potatoes.

What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin A?

900 mcg for men and 700 mcg for women.

What are symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?

Xerophthalmia (night blindness), dry cornea, poor growth, and impaired immune function.

How does the visual cycle begin?

Light strikes rhodopsin in the retina, causing cis-retinal to convert to trans-retinal.

What role does vitamin D play in bone health?

It maintains normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood, aiding in bone mineralization.

What nutrients are involved in maintaining bone health?

Calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, and phosphorus.

What is osteoporosis?

A condition characterized by more bone loss than formation, leading to fragile bones and increased fracture risk.

What are common food sources of calcium?

Dairy products, leafy greens, tofu, and fortified foods.

What RDA is recommended for calcium?

1,000 mg for adults aged 31-50; 1,200 mg for women over 50.

What is the primary function of magnesium?

Needed for many chemical reactions, it assists with muscle contraction and blood pressure regulation.

What happens with inadequate vitamin D intake?

It can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.

What is the guideline for selecting dietary supplements?

Do not exceed 100% of Daily Values and consider your medical history.

What groups are recommended to take dietary supplements?

Pregnant women, older adults, vegans, dieters, and individuals on restricted diets.

What should be approached with caution when considering supplements?

Herbal supplements, due to potential side effects and interactions.