Nutrition Energy and Weight Management Book

Which of the following organs represents the metabolic workhorse of the body?

c. Liver

Amino acids that are linked together to form a protein would be an example of a(n):

a. Anabolic reaction

Which of the following would induce catabolism?

b. Starvation

How can ADP be transformed into ATP?

b. Adding energy and a phosphate group

Which of the following would induce catabolism?

a. Breaking down protein into amino acids

High levels of ammonia in the bloodstream would likely indicate which organ is not working correctly?

c. Liver

A person who consumes a high-protein diet should increase their _____ intake.

d. Fluid

What is pyruvate converted into if oxygen is lacking?

b. Lactic Acid

For amino acids to proceed in the metabolic pathway, they must:

c. Have their amino group removed.

The glycolysis pathway:

c. Results in the formation of pyruvate.

Which of the following components is unable to yield glucose?

b. Fatty acids

If enough oxygen is present and energy is needed, pyruvate is converted into:

d. Acetyl CoA

Which compound enters the Kreb's cycle?

d. Acetyl CoA

Which nutrients supply energy for the brain? (Select all that apply.)

a. Glycogen, b. Fatty Acids, c. Ketones, d. Amino Acids

Which of the following can be stored as fat in the body? (Select all that apply.)

a. Carbohydrate, b. Fat, c. Protein, d. Alcohol

Excess carbohydrate in the diet will first be stored as:

a. Glycogen

What are ketones?

b. Byproducts of fat breakdown that can be used for energy in the brain instead of glucose

What is the basic energy source for all cells?

a. ATP

A person who walks by a pizza parlor, smells the pizza baking, and wants to go inside to purchase some is experiencing:

c. appetite

What is satiety?

c. Feeling satisfied after a meal

When you walk by a store, what makes you want to eat when you smell food?

c. appetite

What is the best way to increase the BMR?

d. Build muscle in the body

Which of the following will increase the basal metabolic rate?

d. Caffeine

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Accounts for the majority of energy expenditure, as it includes essential bodily functions like breathing, circulation, and cell production.

BMR comparison between individuals

The taller person would have the higher basal metabolic rate.

Components of energy metabolism

1. Basal metabolic rate (BMR), 2. Thermic effect of exercise (TEE), 3. Thermic effect of food (TEF).

Thermic effect of protein

Protein has the highest thermic effect, requiring more energy for digestion and absorption compared to carbohydrates and fats.

Effect of fasting on BMR

Fasting and severe calorie restriction slow down metabolism to conserve energy.

Derek's new daily calorie intake

1,800 calories per day.

Caloric deficit for weight loss

To lose 1 pound per week, a 500-calorie deficit per day is needed.

Healthy weight loss goal

1-2 pounds per week.

Caloric deficit for losing one pound

Approximately 500 calories daily.

Influence on long-term weight loss

Overall moderate calorie restriction.

Waist circumference for central obesity

Above 40 inches.

BMI classification for obesity

A person with a BMI over 30 is classified as obese.

Classification for a BMI of 24

Normal weight.

Healthiest fat storage location

The least healthy place to store extra fat is in the abdomen.

Measurement of healthy body composition

Body fat percentage.

BMI classification for 18

Underweight.

Condition for fat loss

Fat loss primarily occurs when a person is in a calorie deficit.

Effective way to reduce body fat

Combination of exercise and a healthy diet.

Body changes with age

Decrease in resting metabolism.

Importance of resistance training for older people

It can reduce blood pressure.

Disadvantage of bioelectrical impedance device

It may not be very accurate.