Bio Unit 3 - Chemistry of Life

3 water behavioral properties

• High surface tension

• Adhesive

• Universal solvent

4 water physical properties

when compared to air, water has higher:

• Buoyancy

• Viscosity

• Thermal conductivity

• Specific heat capacity

Condensation/dehydration synthesis

Taking H2O away through the loss of an OH- and H+ from two monomers → creates polymers!

Hydrolysis

Breaking covalent bonds between monomers with the addition of water → creates separate monomers!

Hydroxyl

-OH

found in ethanol

Carboxyl

found in acetic acid

Amino

Found in glycine

Phosphate

found in glycerol phosphate

Alpha vs. beta glucose

Sucrose (disaccharide)

Maltose (disaccharide)

Polymers

Monomers linked together by covalent bonds and are formed through dehydration synthesis

Disaccharides are joined by…

a glycosidic linkage

Fructose (monosaccharide)

Triglycerides (fats)

• Made of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol connected by an ester linkage

• Stores energy within the body

Phospholipid

• Makes up the cell membrane

Cholesterol (steroid)

• Imbedded within the cell membrane

High glucose levels

• Beta cells release insulin hormone

• Insulin helps cells store glucose as glycogen

Low glucose levels

• Alpha cells release glucagon hormone

• Glucagon helps cells break down glycogen into glucose that is released into the bloodstream

Saturated Fats

• Linear triglycerides

• Solid at room temperature

Unsaturated fats

• Bent due to a double bond

• Liquid at room temperature

• Waxes and oils