hum year 2 semester 1 review

Characteristics of baroque music

Complex harmonies, opera, emotional

baroque composer

Bach

Rococo art characteristics

Graceful, Light-hearted, Soft Colors (pinks), Small Scale, Private Home, Frivolous & Decadent, Opulent

Example of rococo artwork and artist

The Swing, Jean Honoré Fragonard

Rococo architechture

Palace of Versailles, Louis XIV, decorated very opulent and grand

John Locke

life, liberty, property, may overthrow government if not meeting needs

Montesquieu

checks and balances, separation of powers

Rousseau

Social Contract, noble savage, inspires the Romantic movement in art, misogynistic

Adam Smith

father of capitalism, government should stay out of economy

Voltaire

wrote Candide, radical Enlightenment thinker, Abolition of slavery, freedom of religion, separation of state and religion

Mary Wollstonecraft

Women should have access to education

Characteristics of Neoclassical

Neoclassicism = New Classicism, expressed the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity. Participation by all levels of society in government and economy, Civil/Civic duty, Harkens back to Greece and Rome.

Classical Composers

Mozart, Beethoven

Neoclassical artists and works

David, paintings focus on political engagement, glory of the state, ex: Napoleon Crossing the Alps, The Oath of Horatii

Neoclassical architecture

Greek and roman influence ex: white, columns, arches, the US capital

Romanticism

Pre-Industrial Revolution

• Unreasonable

• Irrational

• Individual

• Solitude

• Natural

• Supernatural

• Emotional

• Fantastic

• Exotic

• Dreams

• Mystery

• Experimental

• Dark

• Nationalism

• Personal

Characteristics of Romantic music

• Connection to poetry and drama; Tell stories

• Use of folk songs; Nationalism, exoticism

• Musician status changes

• Piano becomes a household instrument; More instruments

• Addition of valves to brass instruments

• Larger range of sounds; Fuller harmonies; more dissonant

• Inclination to regard art primarily as a means of self-expression

Example of Romantic art:

Turner: The Slave Ship, Goya: Execution of the Madrilenos, Charles IV of Spain and His Family

Impressionism

During Industrial Revolution

• Impasto painting technique (visual brush strokes)

• Emphasis on light

• Ordinary subject matter

• Movement

• Unusual visual angles

• Painted outside - en plein air

• Black paint avoided / Color

• Liked scenes from the world of entertainment

Examples of Impressionist Art

Claude Monet: Waterlilies, Impression: Soleil Levant

Post Impressionism

Transition between Industrial Rev and Imperialism

• After Impressionism

• Wanted to do something different from Impressionism

• Dissatisfied with the limitations of Impressionism, wanted more feeling and expression and more structure and form in art.

Examples of Post-Impressionism Art

Van Gogh: Starry Night,

Pointilism: Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte

Fauvism

known for strong colors and brushwork

ex: Joy of Life (Le bonheaur de Vivre)

Expressionism

Focus is on emotion and feelings (physhological state)

Vivid colors, Bold strokes, Exaggerated

ex: the scream

Romantic music and composers

nationalistic, emotional, beetoven (transition bt classical and romantic)

A Modest Proposal

Jonathan Swift satire

Taj Mahal

Islamic, Mughal architecture

Torrii

Japanese Shinto gate: a traditional gateway that marks the entrance to a Shinto shrine and symbolically separates the sacred world of the kami (gods) from the mundane world

the blue mosque

ottoman architechture

Ali Qupu Palace

Safivid architechure

Islamic Miniature

small paintings on paper, usually book or manuscript illustrations, but also sometimes separate artworks, intended for muraqqa albums.

Absolute Monarchy

One king in charge w/ absolute control

Example of absolute monarchy

King Louis XIV

Constitiutional Monarchy

king must follow rules/has a legislative body like parliament

How did monarchs such as Louis XIV, Peter the Great, and Catherine the Great centralize power in their respective states?

building big, supporting arts, controlling or using religion, passing laws to solidify their power, wars and expanding territory

Merchantilism

an economy that is for the benefit of the country, used during colonization, whichever state has the most hard currency is the winner; they were in competition with other nations and wanted to be the best nation

Expansion of Russia

Russia fought wars to gain territory to prove that it should be considered a Western European power and to try to gain a warm water port to be more active in global trade

Ukiyo

Japanese woodblock print, Katsushika Hokusai: The Great Wave

Forbidden City

Ming dynasty architecture

Kabuki

Japanese theatrical art form known for its highly stylized performances, elaborate costumes, distinctive makeup, and unique stage devices

Bunraku

traditional Japanese puppet artform

Scientific Revolution

taking a new look at the world and the solar system to explain why things happen; using scientific reasoning, hypothesis, and evidence to explain natural phenomenon; the Scientific Revolution will inspire Enlightenment Thinkers to question society and governments