DNA Analysis

Double Helix

two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA

Four bases of DNA

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Double Helix

two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA

Four bases of DNA

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

DNA typing

the means of distinguishing the DNA of one person from another

Where is DNA found?

in all nucleated body cells

0.01%

Proportion of Platelets in blood.

DNA profiling

Identifying an individual by analyzing the unique parts of his or her DNA.

RFLP

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

PCR

polymerase chain reaction

STR

short tandem repeats

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (NOT acronym)

Differences in DNA sequence on homologous chromosomes that can result in different patterns of restriction fragment lengths (DNA segments resulting from treatment with restriction enzymes).

Polymerase Chain Reaction (NOT acronym)

A method of producing thousands of copies of DNA segment using the enzyme DNA polymerase

What is the first step in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) procedure?

Heat the DNA strands, causing the strands to separate (unzip).

What is added to the mixture after cooling in the PCR procedure?

A primer, a short sequence of base pairs that will add to its complementary sequence on the DNA strand.

What is added to the separated DNA strands after the primer in the PCR procedure?

A DNA polymerase and a mixture of free nucleotides.

Electrophoresis

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

Short Tandem Repeats (NOT acronym)

sections of a chromosome in which DNA sequences are repeated

What gene is extracted in the Short Tandem Repeats (STR) procedure?

TH01

What technique is used to amplify the sample in the STR procedure?

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

What method is used to separate the amplified STR samples?

Electrophoresis

Nuclear DNA

genetic material in the nucleus of a cell

Mitochondrial DNA

DNA found in the mitochondria that is inherited only through mothers

CODIS

Combined DNA Index System

CODIS (def)

Combined DNA Index System used by law enforcement to identify DNA samples from a crime scene