MODULES 1-8: Kontemporaryong Isyu and Disaster Risk Reduction - 60 Vocabulary Flashcards

60 vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the notes on society, culture, environmental issues, and disaster risk management.

Primary source

Original firsthand information or evidence used in research.

Secondary source

Information derived from primary sources that provides analysis or interpretation.

Society

A group of people living in an organized community with shared beliefs and social order.

Social structure

The organized framework of institutions, social groups, statuses, and roles that shape a society.

Culture

The shared beliefs, values, norms, and symbols that guide a group's way of life.

Beliefs

Foundational ideas that a group holds to be true.

Values

Shared ideas about what is desirable or important within a group.

Norms

Social rules that guide behavior.

Folkways

Everyday informal norms guiding customary behavior; e.g., respecting elders, birthday celebrations.

Mores

Norms with strong moral significance; violations may have social or legal sanctions.

Material culture

Tangible objects and artifacts produced by a culture.

Non-material culture

Intangible aspects of culture such as beliefs, laws, language, and norms.

Social group

A collection of two or more individuals with shared characteristics and common interests.

Primary group

Close, informal networks such as family and friends.

Secondary group

Impersonal, formal associations such as organizations.

Status

A person's position within a social hierarchy.

Ascribed status

A social position assigned at birth or involuntarily.

Achieved status

A social position earned through effort or choice.

Roles

The duties, obligations, and rights associated with a social position.

Family

The smallest unit of society where community begins.

School

An institution that shapes abilities and teaches right from wrong.

Economy

The system for producing, exchanging goods and services; involves supply and demand.

Government

An institution that enacts laws to organize and regulate society.

Religion

An institution that provides beliefs and practices, often a basis for safety and meaning.

Solid Waste (MSW)

Municipal solid waste from households, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources.

Residential waste

Waste generated from households; major share of total waste.

Commercial waste

Waste from private and public establishments (e.g., markets, offices).

Institutional waste

Waste from public offices, hospitals, schools, and agriculture.

Industrial waste

Waste from factories and industrial operations.

Biodegradable

Waste that decomposes naturally and can be returned to soil.

Recyclables

Materials that can be recycled, such as paper, cardboard, bottles, plastics, and metals.

Special waste

Waste from hospitals, such as syringes, IV tubes, and medical fluids.

Residual waste

Waste remaining after recyclables and compostables are removed; often not reusable.

Mother Earth Foundation

NGO advocating for environmental laws like MRFs at the barangay level.

Clean and Green Foundation

NGO promoting environmental beautification, including gardens and habitats for wildlife.

Green Choice Philippines

NGO promoting environmental advocacy and sustainable living programs.

Bantay Kalikasan

NGO using media to raise environmental awareness and protection.

Greenpeace

International NGO advocating for environmental protection and human rights.

CBDRM

Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management; focuses on pre-disaster preparedness at the community level.

Bottom-up approach

Community-led planning and actions to assess hazards and find solutions.

Top-down approach

Disaster planning led by national or regional authorities, often critiqued for not addressing local needs.

Hazard

A threat from human activity or natural processes that can endanger life, property, or the environment.

Anthropogenic hazard

Hazard caused by human activities.

Natural hazard

Hazard arising from natural processes (e.g., storms, earthquakes).

Climate change

Long-term changes in climate patterns including El Niño/La Niña, storms, floods, droughts, and forest fires.

El Niño

Climate pattern causing weather extremes; can affect rainfall and temperature in the region.

La Niña

Opposite phase of El Niño, often associated with different regional weather patterns.

Coral bleaching

Stress-induced whitening and decline of coral reefs, reducing biodiversity.

Deforestation

Loss of forest cover due to human activity or natural events; reduces biodiversity and balance in ecosystems.

Illegal logging

Unauthorized cutting of forests leading to floods, erosion, and habitat loss.

Slash-and-burn farming

Clearing land by burning vegetation; accelerates soil erosion and deforestation.

Fuelwood harvesting

Collection of wood for fuel, contributing to forest depletion.

Illegal mining

Mining activities without proper permits, often causing environmental harm.

Hazard Mapping

Identifying areas prone to hazards and their affected elements.

Historical profiling

Creating timelines of hazards experienced by a community to identify patterns and impacts.

Vulnerability assessment

Evaluation of how susceptible a home or community is to hazard impacts.

Element at Risk

People, animals, crops, buildings, and infrastructure within a hazard zone.

People at Risk

Groups of people who are potentially affected by hazards.

Location of People at Risk

Geographic areas where vulnerable people reside or gather.

Capacity assessment

Evaluation of a community's ability to respond to hazards across physical, social, and behavioral domains.

Physical/Material capacity

Tangible resources such as money, natural resources, and infrastructure.

Social capacity

Social factors like freedom, age, and welfare that influence response ability.

Behavioral capacity

Beliefs and attitudes that affect how safely a community acts.

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (DRRMP)

A framework outlining prevention, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation steps.

Cluster Approach

Coordination method by LD sectors to strengthen disaster response and resource use.

NDCC Circular No. 5-2007

Policy mandating the use of the Cluster Approach in Philippine disaster management.

DepEd Order No. 55, s. 2008

Directive establishing disaster risk reduction resources for public schools.