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Cultural practices
Shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by a society.
Cultural traits
Elements such as food preferences, architecture, and land use that characterize a culture.
Cultural relativism
The attitude that a person's beliefs and activities should be understood based on that person's own culture.
Ethnocentrism
The belief in the superiority of one's own culture.
Sequent occupancy
The use of a specific space by successive groups of people, reflecting cultural changes over time.
Diffusion
The spread of cultural practices through various processes.
Types of diffusion
Relocation, expansion (including contagious, hierarchical, and stimulus) are the categories of diffusion.
Acculturation
The process of cultural change and adaptation resulting from the interaction between cultures.
Assimilation
The process by which individuals or groups of different cultures come to adopt the practices of another culture.
Syncretism
The combination of different forms of belief or practice.
Multiculturalism
The coexistence of diverse cultures within a society.
Universalizing religion
A religion that seeks to convert non-believers and is found across many cultures.
Ethnic religion
A religion closely associated with a particular ethnic group and not actively seeking converts.
Centripetal force
A factor that promotes unity and cohesion within a society.
Centrifugal force
A factor that promotes division and fragmentation within a society.
Language family
A group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor.
Lingua franca
A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different.
Pilgrimage
A journey to a sacred place for religious reasons.
Ethnic cleansing
The systematic removal of an ethnic group from a certain area.
Genocide
The deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial or cultural group.