Third Mid-Quarter Cognitive Study Guide

Cardiovascular System

The system that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, responsible for transporting nutrients and waste throughout the body.

Systolic Pressure

The pressure against the walls of arteries when the heart beats and pumps blood.

Diastolic Pressure

The pressure left over in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.

Pulse Pressure

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.

Anaphylactic Shock

A severe shock as a result of an allergic reaction, characterized by widespread vasodilation.

Psychogenic Shock

A temporary loss of consciousness caused by emotional stress or trauma, leading to reduced blood flow to the brain.

Neurogenic Shock

Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of nerves controlling blood vessel size, leading to widespread dilation.

Septic Shock

Shock caused by a severe infection, usually bacterial.

White Blood Cells

Cells that are responsible for defending the body against infections and foreign invaders.

Platelets

Cell fragments that play a vital role in blood clotting.

Hemophilia

A condition where a person's blood cannot clot properly.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Indicator

Fluid that appears like a target or halo when dabbed, indicating the presence of cerebrospinal fluid.

Pelvic Binder

A device used in suspected pelvic injuries, especially when shock is likely.

KED (Kendrick Extrication Device)

A tool used for immobilizing patients with suspected spinal injuries during extrication.

CNS

Central Nervous System, consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System

Nervous system including 12 cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves.

Cerebrum

The part of the brain responsible for voluntary motor functions and sensory integration.

Cerebellum

The brain region that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.

Brainstem

The part of the brain regulating involuntary functions such as heart rate and breathing.

Spinal Nerves

Nerves that transmit information between the spinal cord and the rest of the body.

Cranial Nerves

Nerves that connect the brain directly with different regions of the head and neck.

Phrenic Nerve

The nerve responsible for diaphragm movement and the ability to breathe.

Raccoon Eyes

Bruising around the eyes indicative of head trauma.

Battle Signs

Bruising behind the ears typically associated with skull fractures.

Pneumothorax

A condition where air enters the pleural space, causing lung collapse.

Cardiac Tamponade

Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space, impairing heart function.

Pulmonary Contusion

A bruise of the lung tissue, typically resulting from blunt trauma.

Blunt Myocardial Injury

Injury to the heart muscle due to blunt trauma.

Traumatic Asphyxia

A condition resulting from severe crushing injuries to the chest, causing respiratory distress.

Commotio Cordis

A cardiac concussion leading to arrhythmias from a blunt chest impact.