Unit 5 Human Geo Vocab - Agriculture

agribusiness

integrated system of agricultural production, processing, distribution, and marketing

clustered settlement

buildings and houses are located close together

commercial agriculture

large-scale farming practices that focus on producing crops and livestock for sale in the marketplace

dispersed settlement

individual homes and buildings are spread out over a large area

extensive agriculture

utilize large areas of land with relatively low inputs of labor and capital per unit of land

fair trade

trading partnership that aims to achieve greater equity in international trade

food deserts

an area where residents have limited access to affordable and nutritious food

genetically modified organisms

rliving organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering

green revolution

introduction of high-yielding varieties of crops, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and advancements in irrigation techniques

intensive agriculture

aim to maximize crop yield and livestock production per unit of land area through high levels of input

intertillage

Farmer mixes various seeds on the same plot of land (multicropping)

linear settlement

type of community layout where buildings and structures are arranged in a straight line

often parallel to a road or river

long lot

primarily used in areas by the French

typically ran perpendicular to a body of water

metes and bounds

utilizes physical geography features such as trees, rivers, and roads, along with directions and distances

used in England

salinization

accumulation of soluble salts in soil, which can hinder plant growth and reduce agricultural productivity

2nd agricultural revolution

agricultural development that occurred between the 17th and 19th centuries, marked by innovations in farming techniques and equipment

subsidy

a government payment that supports a business or market

subsistence agriculture

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family

transhumance

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

terrace farming

creating flat areas on steep slopes to cultivate crops

reduce soil erosion, manage water runoff

township and range

rigid grid-like pattern used to facilitate the dispersal of settlers evenly across farmlands

value-added specialty crops

unique or niche items like organic fruits, gourmet vegetables, or artisanal products that cater to specific consumer demands

von Thunen model

city

dairy/horticulture

forestry

grain

ranching