Hormones: Year 12 ATAR Human Biology

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Released from the anterior pituitary gland, it stimulates growth of follicles in ovaries and production of sperm in testes.

Luteinising Hormone (LH)

Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, it triggers ovulation and maintenance of the corpus luteum, as well as secretion of testosterone.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Produced by the anterior pituitary gland, it stimulates the secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex.

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, it stimulates the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland.

Prolactin

Produced by the anterior pituitary gland, it is responsible for milk production in mammary glands.

Growth Hormone (GH)

Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, it promotes growth and protein synthesis in all cells.

Oxytocin

Produced in the posterior pituitary gland, it causes contractions of the uterus during childbirth and releases milk.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Secreted by the posterior pituitary gland,increase the permeability of DCT and CD to increase water reabsorption

Cortisol

Secreted by the adrenal cortex, it helps regulate metabolism and respond to stress.

Aldosterone (mineralcorticoid)

Produced by the adrenal cortex, it increases reabsorption of sodium ions and excretion of potassium ions in the kidneys.

Gonadocorticoids

Secreted by the adrenal cortex, they produce small amounts of sex hormones.

Glucocorticoids

Produced by the adrenal cortex, they target most body cell, regulating carbohydrate metabolism

Adrenaline

Secreted by the adrenal medulla, it prepares the body for the fight/flight response. it mimics and magnifies the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Non-adrenaline

Produced by the adrenal medulla, it prepares the body for the fight/flight response. mimics and magnifies the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.

Glucagon

Secreted by the pancreas, it stimulates the breakdown of glycogen and fat to increase blood glucose levels.

Insulin

Produced by the pancreas, it stimulates the uptake of glucose and lowers blood glucose levels.

Parathyroid Hormone

Secreted by the parathyroid gland, it increases calcium levels in the blood.

Melatonin

Produced by the pineal gland, it regulates sleep and the biological clock.

Thyroxine

Secreted by the thyroid gland, it increases the metabolic rate of cells.

Calcitonin

Produced by the thyroid gland, it decreases calcium and phosphate levels in the blood.

Thymosin

Secreted by the thymus, it stimulates the development and maturation of T-lymphocytes.

Testosterone

Produced in the testes, it stimulates sperm production and the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Progesterone

Secreted by the ovaries, it regulates the menstrual cycle and prepares mammary glands for milk secretion.

Oestrogen

Produced by the ovaries, it regulates the menstrual cycle and stimulates secondary sexual characteristics.