The Second Industrial Revolution (1840-1914)

Flashcards covering key concepts and facts about the Second Industrial Revolution in the UK, including its characteristics, new industries, societal changes, and technological advancements.

What marked the beginning of the Second Industrial Revolution in the UK?

It was characterized by advancements in steel production, railways, and new inventions.

What was the UK referred to during the Second Industrial Revolution?

The 'workshop of the world'.

In 1900, what percentage of the world’s manufactured goods did the UK produce?

24%.

Which processes greatly enhanced the production of steel during the Second Industrial Revolution?

The Bessemer process and the Siemens-Martin open hearth process.

What were the main new industries that emerged in the UK during this period?

Petroleum, chemical industries, automotive industry, shipbuilding, and communications.

How did the development of the railway network in the UK impact the economy?

It boosted trade, shortened distances, and reduced the cost of freight.

What was the main urban centre in England by 1901?

London.

Describe the living conditions of many Britons between 1880 and 1914.

Living conditions improved greatly due to technological advances, leading to better sanitation and availability of goods.

What did the Edwardian period signify for the upper classes?

It was a period of prosperity and new forms of consumption.

Which country took the lead in the chemical industry during the late 19th century?

Germany.

What key invention did Thomas Edison create that contributed to the use of electricity in the UK?

The light bulb.

What significant social inequality existed in British society during the Second Industrial Revolution?

The upper class accounted for 5% of the population while the lower class made up 80%.