bones

how do bones develope & grow?

ossification

what are sutures?

Gaps of non-ossified tissue that remain between individual bones during growth form

• Young animals (typically)

• “soft spots”

Bone types (5)

1. long

2. short

3. flat

4. irregular

5. sesamoid

head types

Doliocephalic (270°)

• slim

Mesaticephalic (235°)

• “normal”

Brachycephalic (200°)

two functions of the skeleton are

support & storage

two basic components of the skeleton

axial & appendicular

number of bones and muscles in animals (cats) compared to humans

Cats, dogs & humans do not have the same number of bones or muscles

(ex. the cat has 40 more bones than a human but about 100 less muscles).

axial skeleton

bones that make up the skull, vertebral column, ribcage, & sternum

skull

axial skeleton

“brain case,” houses special senses, mastication of food

over 30 bones

teeth

axial skeleton

Dog = 42

Cat = 30

Human = 32

Hollow root

• Continual growth (issues?)

vertebral column

axial skeleton

5 regions

1. cervical

2. thoracic

3. lumbar

4. sacral

5. caudal

ribcage

axial skeleton

13 pairs (can vary between species)

appendicular skeleton (regions?)

two main regions: thoracic & pelvic limbs

bones of the limbs & pelvic girdle

thoracic limb (regions?)

one of the main regions of the appendicular skeleton

5 main regions:

1. pectoral girdle

2. brachium & antebrachium

3. carpal bones

4. matecarpal bones

5. phalanges (3 per digit)

• cats can hv up to 6 digits w/out a problem (polydactyl)

declawing

must cut ungual crest

basically “de-boning”

pelvic limb (regions?)

one of the main parts of the appendicular skeleton

5 main regions:

1. pelvic girdle

2. leg

3. tarsal bones

4. metatarsal bones

5. phalanges

musculoskeletal system

• bones

• muscles

• tendons

• ligaments

• joints

coverings & linings of the body (functions?)

What are their functions? (mainly memorize the highlighted parts)

• Protection: skin, scales, claws & protects underlying tissues & protects from bacteria

• Chemical exchange: lining of digestive tract, lungs, kidneys & thermoregulation

• Secretions: endocrine & exocrine glands (mucus, enzymes, & pheromones)

• Support: exoskeleton, wings of bats, birds, etc.

• Storage: excess food, pigment deposits

• Sensory: eye, parts of the ear