Lecture 11: Lewis Structures and Related Concepts

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to Lewis structures, resonance, isomers, and the octet rule, drawn from the lecture notes.

Lewis Structures

Diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist.

Resonance Structures

Different ways of drawing the same molecule where the structure differs only in the position of electrons.

Structural Isomers

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different bonding arrangements of atoms.

Peptide Bond

The bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another, resulting in a molecule known as an amide.

Octet Rule

A chemical rule which states that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their valence shell.

Formal Charge

The charge an atom would have if all electrons were shared equally, used to assess the stability of resonance structures.

Equivalent Resonance Structures

Resonance structures that contribute equally to the resonance hybrid.

Non-Equivalent Resonance Structures

Resonance structures that contribute unequally to the resonance hybrid, some being more favorable than others.

Expanded Octet

Situations where atoms can have more than eight electrons in their valence shell, often found in elements from the third period or beyond.

Incomplete Octet

When a central atom in a molecule has fewer than eight electrons in its valence shell.

Biological Importance of Phosphate

Phosphate modifications are critical for the function and structure of proteins and nucleic acids.

Radical

An atom, ion, or molecule that has unpaired valence electrons, making it highly reactive.

Partial Double Bond Character

A feature of resonance structures that indicates a bond exhibits properties of both single and double bonds.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Contributing Structure

A representation of a molecule that contributes to the overall resonance hybrid, often based on stability and energy.