Public Health

What does the term 'Laissez-faire' refer to in public health context?

The idea of non-interference by the government.

What is the purpose of National Insurance?

A portion of workers' wages is used to guarantee sick pay.

What were common diseases in the mid 19th century due to poor living conditions?

Typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis, and typhus.

What did Edwin Chadwick report in 1842?

Ill health was caused by awful living conditions and proposed improvements for public health.

What was the 1848 Public Health Act?

The first attempt by the government to enforce the clean-up of towns in England and Wales.

What was the significance of John Snow's work?

He discovered that cholera was waterborne, leading to major public health reforms.

What was the Great Stink and its significance?

A severe odor from the Thames River in 1858 that prompted the construction of a modern sewer system.

What changes did the Public Health Act of 1875 introduce?

It made local authorities responsible for clean water and sewage removal, and required Medical Officers of Health.

What was the main goal of the Liberal Reforms introduced after 1906?

To tackle poverty and improve the living conditions of the most vulnerable in society.

What is the Welfare State?

A system established after World War II to care for people 'from cradle to grave'.

What prompted the establishment of the NHS in 1948?

Post-war health crises, desire for universal healthcare, and supportive public opinion following the Beveridge Report.

How did the NHS significantly improve public health?

By providing free healthcare, leading to lower child mortality, increased life expectancy, and improved overall health outcomes.