Biochemistry II Lecture Notes on Lipid Metabolism

A collection of flashcards covering key vocabulary terms and concepts from the lecture notes on lipid metabolism.

AcylCoA

A molecule that serves as a fatty acid carrier in metabolism.

AcetylCoA

A key metabolic intermediate derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Triacylglycerol (TG)

A type of fat found in the blood, composed of three fatty acids bound to glycerol.

Lipoproteins

Molecules made of fat and protein that transport lipids in the bloodstream.

Chylomicron

A lipoprotein formed in the intestinal mucosa that transports dietary lipids.

Exogenous pathway

The process of lipid absorption and distribution from dietary sources.

Lipolysis

The breakdown of lipids, leading to the release of fatty acids.

Insulin

A hormone that promotes the storage of glucose and fatty acids.

Glucagon

A hormone that stimulates the release of glucose and fatty acids from storage.

Glyceroneogenesis

The synthesis of glycerol from non-carbohydrate precursors.

β-Oxidation

A metabolic process that breaks down fatty acids to produce acetyl-CoA.

Ketone Bodies

Water-soluble molecules produced during fat metabolism used as an energy source.

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)

The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in fatty acid synthesis.

Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS)

A multi-enzyme complex that synthesizes fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)

An enzyme that regulates energy balance in cells and inhibits anabolic pathways.

Phospholipid

A major component of cell membranes composed of fatty acids, glycerol, phosphate, and alcohol.

Adipocyte

A cell that stores fat in the form of triacylglycerol.

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)

An enzyme that hydrolyzes stored triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.

Transcription Factors

Proteins that regulate gene expression in response to nutritional and hormonal signals.

SREBPs

A group of transcription factors that regulate lipid homeostasis in cells.

PPAR (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors)

Transcription factors that regulate fatty acid metabolism and energy homeostasis.