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What is Social Construct Theory?
A macro sociological theory that examines social organization and changes resulting from conflicts within social institutions, focusing on class and power dynamics.
What is Symbolic Interactionism?
A micro sociological theory that focuses on small groups and individual interactions.
What does Symbolic Interactionism argue about individuals and society?
It argues that individuals and society are the products of social interactions based on language, gestures, and symbols.
How do individuals acquire a sense of self according to Symbolic Interactionism?
Individuals acquire a sense of who they are through interactions with others.
What is Dramaturgy?
Dramaturgy is a sociological perspective developed by Erving Goffman that views all social interactions as performances.
Who developed the concept of Dramaturgy?
Erving Goffman.
What analogy does Goffman use to describe life in the context of Dramaturgy?
Goffman suggests that all life is like acting.
What is impression management?
Impression management is the process by which individuals try to control the perceptions others have of them during social interactions.
What is a Research Question?
A direct question that guides the research process, leading to answers that are available for further study and peer review.
What is a Hypothesis?
An educated guess made after initial research, outlining predictions about how independent and dependent variables relate to one another.
What are Independent Variables?
Variables that are deliberately manipulated to test the response in an experiment.
What are Dependent Variables?
Variables whose value is determined by the independent variable.
Give an example of Independent and Dependent Variables.
In a study to determine if social media use lowers high school grades, social media is the independent variable and grades are the dependent variable.
What is Qualitative Data?
Qualitative data consists of non-numerical information, such as words, pictures, and photos, used as units of analysis.
What type of insights does qualitative research provide?
Qualitative research collects data over an extended period, often in naturalistic settings, yielding insights that quantitative research cannot produce.
What are some examples of qualitative research methods?
Examples include unobtrusive observation, participant observation, interviews, case studies, ethnography, and content analysis.
What is Quantitative Data?
Quantitative data involves the analysis of statistical data to explain social phenomena.
What is the focus of quantitative research?
Quantitative research focuses on specific units of analysis such as objects, articles, or individuals being studied and quantified.
What limitation does quantitative research have?
Quantitative research does not consider participants' understanding of their situation or individual experiences.
What is Mixed-Method Research?
Mixed-method research combines both quantitative and qualitative methods by collecting and analyzing both types of data to draw conclusions about a social phenomenon.
What is a Counterculture?
A counterculture is a subculture that actively opposes the dominant group's values and beliefs.
How can countercultures affect the dominant culture?
Countercultures can merge with and change the dominant culture over time.
What is a Subculture?
A subculture is a group within the dominant culture that has distinct values, beliefs, and norms.
What are examples of subcultures?
Examples of subcultures include skateboarders, vegetarians, and college students.
How do subcultures interact with the dominant culture?
Subcultures tend to exist harmoniously within the larger society while maintaining their distinctive values, norms, and lifestyles.
How do countercultures differ from subcultures?
Countercultures tend to exist separately and openly reject the dominant culture's values, making interaction difficult.
What are examples of countercultures?
Examples of countercultures include religious extremists and white supremacists.
What are Social Research Ethics?
Social Research Ethics refer to the moral principles guiding researchers to conduct studies responsibly, ensuring respect for participants, integrity in research processes, and adherence to societal norms.
What are Agents of Socialization?
Agents of Socialization are individuals, groups, or institutions that influence personal attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
What are the primary agents of socialization?
The primary agents include family, schools, peers, media, and religion.
How do sociologists explain crime?
Sociologists explain crime as a behavior that results from social structures, cultural norms, and the context in which it occurs, rather than merely individual moral failings.
What is the difference between crime and deviance?
Crime is a behavior that violates formal laws and is punishable by the state, while deviance refers to behaviors, traits, or beliefs that fall outside societal norms and may not always be illegal.
What are Macro-Level theories of deviance?
Macro-Level theories analyze how larger social forces, such as economic inequality and cultural norms, shape individual behaviors that are labeled as deviant or criminal.
What is the School-to-Prison Pipeline?
The School-to-Prison Pipeline refers to the trend of students, particularly those from marginalized groups, being funneled out of schools and into the juvenile and criminal justice systems.
What is the Prison Industrial Complex?
The Prison Industrial Complex refers to the interconnectedness of the criminal justice system, private prison corporations, and political interests that promote the expansion of incarceration.
What are forms of social control in the criminal justice system?
Forms of social control within the criminal justice system include prisons, courts, and police, which enforce laws and norms.
What associated problems exist with the criminal justice system's social control?
Problems include mass incarceration, racial disparities, and the lack of rehabilitation for offenders.
How does time affect the perception of deviance?
The perception of what constitutes deviance can change based on the time period, cultural shifts, and evolving social norms.
