parasitolgy

what type of weather do parasites like

temperate, hot steady

what parasites are common to wisconsin

giardia lamblia

enterobius vermicularis

trichomonas vaginalis

what are the three big groups of parasites

helminths

protozoa

arthropods

helminths phylums + class

nemathelminths ( class nemotoda)

platyhelminths (class cestoda and digenea)

protozoa phylums + class

sarcomomastigophora (class lobosea and zoomastigophorea)

ciliophora (class kinetofragminophorea)

apicomplexa (class sporozoa)

athropods phylum and class

arthropoda (class insecta and arachnida)

definitive host

primary host that supports the sexually active phase of a parasites life cycle

resovoir host

host that harbors the pathogen so that it can transmit to a potential host

commensalism

relationship where parasite benefits but the host is not harmed or helped

parasitism definition

one organism benefits at the expense of the other

symbiosis

interaction of two organsisms that share a habitat

biological vector

animal hosts pathogen and it can multiply in its body

mechanical vector

can carry pathogen outside its body, but not host it

what is examined for parasites

fecal examination

how are fecal specimens collected

clean dry container, doesnt have to be sterile

two preservatives for fecal transport

PVA and SAF

can you refrigerate fecal samples

no

what does a liquid/mushy stool indicate

trophs

what does hard/firm stool indicate

cysts

wet suspensions are

direct

what are the two types of wet suspensions

saline

iodine

what is a permanent smear made of and why is it used

hematoxylin or trichrome stain

contrasts more clearly parasites vs non

what can you see on 10X

helminth ova and balantidum coli

what can you see on high dry/40X

trophs or cysts

two fecal concentration methods and which is more commonly used

sedimentation and floatation

sedimentation is more commonly used

what can you not find in concentrates

trophs

describe formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation procedure

make saline suspension pour thru gauze

centrifuge and decant

add saline resuspend

centrifuge and decant

resuspend in 7mls 10% formalin for 5min

add 4ml ethyl acetate, shake

centrifuge for 10min

decant

what parasite looks a lot like WBC

entamoeba histolytica

top to bottom name the layers of sedimentation concentration

ether and fat

fecal debris

formalin

sediment

specific gravity of floatation concentration

1.18-1.20

what is not picked up in floatation methods

ova with operculum

schistosoma ova

infertile ascaris ova

hymenolepis nana

what is the name for pinworm

enterobius vermicularis

describe the cellophane tape test for pinwor

tape on tongue depressor pressed to perianal area, then press tape onto microscope slide

what are saline wet preps good for

motility

what is very motile in saline wet preps

entamoeba histolytica

what is the iodine wet mount good for

helps see structures in cysts ( nucleus, karyosome, chomatidal bars)

helps see structures in ova (cell wall, plugs)

the iodine stain wet mount is hard on

trophs

modified acid fast stain is good for

cryptosporidium parvum

cyclospora

cystoisospora belli

microsporidia

blood smear prep is good for

plasmodium

babesia

knott technique for concentrating microfilariae is good for

suspecting filariasis

what is used to diagnose parasites quickly in immunocompromised patients

agar plate culture for strongyloides stercoralis

protozoa culture media is good for

acanthamoeba

entamoeba histolytica

naegleria fowleri

toxoplasma gondeii

trichomonas vaginalis

troph

cyst

chromatoidal bars

ova