Metabolism and Bioenergetics

Anabolism

synthesis of biomolecules from simpler components

Catabolism

breakdown of nutrients and molecules

Metabolism when regulated by controlling:

• Amounts of enzyme; at level of RNA or protein synthesis

• Catalytic activities of enzymes; post-translations modificiation, allostery, zymogens, etc

• Accessibility of substrates

Metabolism when regulated by compartmentalization:

• Separate pools of metabolites within cells

• Simultaneous operation of opposing pathways

• High concentrations of metabolites

• Coordinated regulation of enzymes

___ provides the energy for nearly all cellular pathways

ATP

Thioester bond is between___ and ___ on Acetyl-CoA:

Carbon and sulfur

Thioester bond:

• high energy when the bond is broken

• less resonance stabilization

ATP reactants are __ stable than the products

less

ATP products are __ stable than reactants

more

FAC is different than NAD+ in that it is tightly associated with enzymes as ___

Prosthetic group

e^- carriers

NAD+/NADH, NADP+/NADPH

NAD+/NADH are in ___ pathways

Catabolic

NADP+/NADPH are in __ pathways

Anabolic