DEUS MP3 Exam
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the agreement between Republicans and Democrats, after the contested election of 1876, in which Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the presidency in exchange for withdrawing the last of the federal troops from the South
The Supreme Court ruled the segregation laws constitutional under the 14th Amendment and established the “separate but equal" doctrine. It allowed states to legally discriminate against black Americans based on race.
The United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) was a key player in spreading the Lost Cause interpretation of the Civil War. The Lost Cause is a narrative that downplays slavery and instead emphasizes states' rights as the cause of the war. The UDC's efforts helped perpetuate the Lost Cause myth through monuments, textbooks, curriculum, relief work, and awards.
a system of forced penal labor that was practiced historically in the South
private individuals and corporations could lease labor from the state in the form of prisoners, nearly all of whom were Black
an influential African American leader at the outset of the Progressive Era
Conservative approach, believed that equal rights would come over in time, focus on education and industrial skills
Radical approach, believed that they had to fight for their rights and create leaders, participated in the Niagara Movement and founded the NAACP.
the name for the large wave of African Americans who left the South after the Civil War, mostly moving to cities in the Northeast and Upper Midwest
completed in 1869, connected the eastern and western United States via a 1,911-mile rail line, facilitating rapid travel and trade between the coasts and driving westward expansion and economic growth
Provided generous inducements for Northerners to relocate and farm in the West. Settlers could lay claim to 160 acres of federal land by residing on the property for five years and improving it. The act not only motivated free-labor farmers to move west, but it also aimed to increase agricultural output for the war effort.
Allowed ranchers to fence off their lands and cattle claims. With the end of the free range, the cattle industry grew increasingly dominated by eastern businessmen.
the original cowboys of the American West, and their skills influenced the American cowboy during the Gilded Age.
Permitted the federal government to divide the lands of any tribe and grant it to each head of family, with lesser amounts to single persons and others. Permitted the federal government to hold an individual Native American’s newly acquired land in trust for twenty-five years. Only then would they obtain full title and be granted the citizenship rights that land ownership entailed. Native Americans were assigned the most arid, useless land and "surplus" land went to White settlers. The government sold as much as eighty million acres of Native American land to White American settlers.
a term used to describe African Americans who moved to Kansas from the Old South to escape the racism there
an economic system that advocates for minimal government intervention, allowing market forces to determine prices, wages, and production without regulation, believing that this leads to the most efficient and prosperous economy
steel magnate, has the prototypical rags-to-riches story
a method of growth where a company acquires other companies that include all aspects of a product’s lifecycle from the creation of the raw materials through the production process to the delivery of the final product
oil tycoon. developed a plan to crush his competitors and create a true monopoly in the refining industry.
method of growth wherein a company grows through mergers and acquisitions of similar companies
business financier, born to wealth and became much wealthier as an investment banker, making wise financial decisions in support of the hard-working entrepreneurs building their fortunes
shipping, a “robber baron” who truly cared about the success of his railroad enterprise and its positive impact on the American economy
From Asia, Southern and Eastern Europe
roman catholic or eastern orthodox
no democratic background
formed ethnic neighborhoods
an early progressive reform movement, largely spearheaded by women, which sought to offer services such as childcare and free healthcare to help the working poor
Forbade further Chinese immigration into the United States for ten years. The ban was later extended on multiple occasions until its repeal in 1943.
Herbert Spencer’s theory, based upon Charles Darwin’s scientific theory, which held that society developed much like plant or animal life through a process of evolution in which the most fit and capable enjoyed the greatest material and social success
the “one big union” that allowed all wage workers (skilled and unskilled) regardless of race or gender to join)
wanted an end to convict labor, equal pay regardless of gender, 8-hour work day
an anarchist group had gathered in response to a death at an earlier nationwide demonstration for the eight-hour workday
an association of unions pursuing higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions
investigative journalists and authors who wrote about social ills, from child labor to the corrupt business practices of big businesses, and urged the public to take action
a voting method in which a voter's choices are confidential, allowing them to cast their votes without fear of coercion or retaliation
a proposed law, or initiative, placed on the ballot by public petition
a process that allows voters to counteract legislation by putting an existing law on the ballot for voters to either affirm or reject
a voting process in which the electorate directly votes for their representatives, as opposed to an indirect election where elected officials or other bodies select them
to remove a public official from office by virtue of a petition and vote process
Laws that aimed to prevent monopolies and promote fair competition between businesses. These laws were enforced through lawsuits and the creation of new government agencies.
Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890: This federal law prohibits activities that restrict interstate commerce and competition in the marketplace.
Sherman Silver Purchase Act of the same year required the U.S. Treasury to mint over four million ounces of silver into coins each month to circulate more cash into the economy, raise prices for farm goods, and help farmers pay their way out of debt.
an idea proposed by Fredrick Jackson Turner, which stated that the encounter of European traditions and a native wilderness was integral to the development of American democracy, individualism, and innovative character
1899 sent to European powers, agree to respect the ideal of “fair competition” and free trade in China
the US would act as a “police power” and handle any necessary intervention in Latin America, using military action to enforce the Monroe Doctrine
a constructed waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans across the Isthmus of Panama
a geopolitical strategy to make the United States the most powerful nation on earth
Taft’s foreign policy, which involved using American economic power to push for favorable foreign policies
Tariff Act of 1890, which raised import duties, negatively impacted Hawaii's sugar industry, which was reliant on the U.S. market and a special treaty, eventually leading to calls for annexation to avoid tariffs.
Became a significant focus of American imperialism after the Spanish-American War, leading to American control and significant military engagement during World War II.
Filipino rebels fought back against the American colonizers after they were seized by the US. They had a three year war that had more deaths than the Spanish-American War.
1898, a brief conflict between the United States and Spain.
Lead up by:
Cuba: wanted to gain independence from Spain, began revolting
Yellow journalism: wrote dramatic articles about Spanish mistreatment to Cuba
USS Maine: battleship sent to Cuba to protect, exploded and pushed the US to declare war on Spain
a group of diverse and prominent Americans who banded together in 1898 to protest the idea of American empire building
British passenger ship was attacked by a German U-boat on its way from New York to Liverpool on May 7, 1915. Almost 1,200 civilians died in the attack, including 128 Americans. The attack horrified the world, galvanizing support in England and beyond for the war.
attacking all ships, including merchant and neutral vessels, without warning, aiming to cripple the Allied war effort by disrupting their supply lines and forcing Britain to surrender
commanded by General John J. Pershing, were the United States armed forces sent to Europe during World War I to support the Allied cause against the Central Powers, primarily fighting in France alongside French and British forces
Espionage Act
1917, prohibited giving aid to the enemy by spying, or espionage, as well as any public comments that opposed the American war effort. Under this act, the government could impose fines and imprisonment of up to twenty years.
Sedation Act
Passed in 1918, prohibited any criticism or disloyal language against the federal government and its policies, the U.S. Constitution, the military uniform, or the American flag.
First outlined in January 1918, became the U.S. basis for a peace program and it was on the promise of the Fourteen Points that Germany and her allies agreed to an armistice in November 1918.
At the end of WWI, the British and French believed Germany should face serious “consequence [for] the war” which occurred due to “the aggression of Germany and her allies.” The Allied Powers met in Versailles, France to draft the final treaty which would officially end WWI in June of 1919…
Woodrow Wilson’s idea for a group of countries that would promote a new world order and territorial integrity through open discussions, rather than intimidation and war
a young, modern woman who embraced the new morality and fashions of the Jazz Age
prohibited voter discrimination on the basis of sex, gave women the right to vote
a literary and artistic movement that celebrated African-American culture
prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages nationwide
the campaign for a ban on the sale and manufacturing of alcoholic beverages, which came to fruition during the war, bolstered by anti-German sentiment and a call to preserve resources for the war effort
the 1925 trial of John Scopes for teaching evolution in a public school; the trial highlighted the conflict between rural traditionalists and modern urbanites
the rejection of outside influences in favor of local or native customs
allowed Americans to buy more consumer goods, including cars, furniture, and radios, on credit
the practice of investing in risky financial opportunities in the hopes of a fast payout due to market fluctuations
the central bank of the United States, tasked with managing the money supply, making loans, providing oversight to banks, and acting as a lender of last resort
the tariff approved by Hoover to raise the tax on thousands of imported goods in the hope that it would encourage people to buy American-made products; the unintended result was that other nations raised their tariffs, further hurting American exports and exacerbating the global financial crisis
the area in the middle of the country that had been badly overfarmed in the 1920s and suffered from a terrible drought that coincided with the Great Depression; the name came from the “black blizzard” of topsoil and dust that blew through the area
Roosevelt’s over two dozen presidential radio addresses
Roosevelt’s plan for the Great Depression, relief for the unemployed and for the poor, recovery of the economy back to normal levels, and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression.
Established a permanent national old-age pension system through employer and employee contributions; later extended to include dependents, the disabled, and other groups
The most effective poverty mitigation program in the United States
Limited crop production, reducing stock numbers, and refinancing mortgages with terms more favorable to struggling farmers.
Farm prices rose, unemployed people were fed, elimination of small farms, tenant farms and sharecropping, the migration of the rural population to the cities, and the transformation of rural America.
Provided employment relief to over eight million Americans, funded the construction of public facilities, created Federal Project Number One, which employed approximately forty thousand artists in theater, art, music, and writing, produced state murals, guidebooks, concerts, and drama performances all around the country, funded the collection of oral histories.
Granted government insurance for bank deposits in member banks of the Federal Reserve System and insures depositors for at least $250,000 per insured bank. Bank closures lowered because of it.
a federal agency tasked with the job of planning and developing the area through flood control, reforestation, and hydroelectric power projects
Note 
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