AniSci Exam #1 (Animal Health & Disease – Herd Health)

Basics of disease

Disease is a harmful deviation from the normal structural or functional state of an organism

A diseased organism commonly exhibits signs or symptoms indicative of its abnormal state. (Must know normal condition to recognize disease)

What is an infectious disease? What are the four types? Be able to identify different examples from the four subgroups.

Infectious disease: a disease caused by a biological agent

4 types: Fungal (aspergillus, candida), bacterial (chlamydia, rickettsia), viral (pox, influenza), and parasitic (worms, protozoa)

What are ways for disease transmission? Difference between direct contact and indirect contact.

• Direct contact: sneezing on someone

• Indirect contact: touching a contaminated surface

• Airbourne 

• Vector Bourne: mosquitos biting ppl with that disease

• Environment: contaminated water/environment

Describing Disease – Terminology: Prevalence, Incidence Rate, Endemic, Epidemic, Pandemic, Acute, Chronic, Morbidity, Mortality

Prevalence: number of cases of a disease present in population at THAT GIVEN TIME

Incidence Rate: number of new cases that develop in a given time period

Endemic: constant presence of disease or agent in an area 

Epidemic: occurrence of disease in excess of expected in given area (exceeds expected #)
Pandemic: epidemic that has spread to other vast areas
Acute: sudden and short

Chronic: occurs over a long period & resolves over a long period (could be recurring) 

Morbidity: exhibition of symptoms

Mortality: death due to illness

What are the risk factors for infection in hosts?

• Resistance mechanisms are inactive

• Probability of infection is increased

• Age (too young or too old)

• Stress

• Nutrition

• Genetic conditions 

Examples of diseases that affect other species and how they are spread (Brucellosis and Influenza).

Spread: ingestion of infected tissues or body fluids, inhalation of aerosols, contact with infected tissues or body fluids, venereal (sexual transmission), fomites (inanimate objects)

Basics of Biosecurity-How do we prevent spread? Vaccines and Vaccination Program Management and Herd Health

Prevent: reduce overlap of grazing grounds with bison, field testing, surveillance, eradicate reservoir/kill infected animals

Vaccination: strategic (appropriate time), ring (appropriate area)

Herd Health Assessment

Have high immunity to prevent spreading diseases

Herd Health and One Health

Balance and optimize the health of people animals and ecosystems (in charge of all health) 

When was smallpox eradicated?

1979

When, where, and why was the first vetenary school established?

in 1762, in france, and in response to rinderpest

When was the global rinderpest eradication program set (GREP)

1992