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Health Psychology
examines the relationship between physical health, wellness, behavior, and mental processes
Psychoneuroimmunology
focuses on mind-body interactions
Your thoughts and feelings (psycho) inuence your brain (neuro), which influences the endocrine hormones that affect your disease-fighting immune system
Stress
the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.
Hypertension
Elevated blood pressure due to prolonged stress
Headaches
Stress-induced tension headaches or migraines
Immune Suppression
Reduced immune function leading to increased illness
Stressors
a chemical or biological agent, environmental condition, external stimulus, or an event seen as causing stress to an organism.
They can be motivating or debilitating and vary in their impact.
Types of Stress Responses
Eustress
Distress
Eustress
: Positive, motivating stress
Distress
Negative, debilitating stress
Types of Stressors
Traumatic Events
Daily Hassles
Adverse Childhood Experiences
Traumatic Events
Major life changes or disasters
Daily Hassles
Minor irritations that build up over time
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
Early life stressors with long-term effects
The general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
describes the process of experiencing stress
Alarm Reaction
Initial response to stress
Resistance Phase
Coping with the stressor through a fight-flight-freeze response
Exhaustion Phase
Depletion of resources and increased susceptibility to illness
Tend and Befriend
reacting to stress by tending to personal needs and seeking social support
eg: women are more likely to respond to stress by seeking social connection.
Tending
Taking care of oneself and others
Befriending
Seeking out social connections and support
Coronary Heart Disease
the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; a leading cause of death in many developed countries.
Problem Focused Coping
viewing stress as a problem and working towards a solution
Emotion Focused Coping
managing emotional reactions to stress as a coping strategy
