Passive Processes

Passive Processes

Do NOT require cellular energy

Cellular Energy

Can also be called ATP

Simple Diffusion

Movement from high concentration to low concentration

Osmosis

Diffusion of water from high to low

During Osmosis water passes through this

a Semi-permeable membrane

Aquaporin

Allow water to pass through the semi-permeable membrane

Creanation

When the cell shrinks

Lysis

when the cell explodes

Facilitated Diffusion of Solutes

transport that includes a "carrier" protein in the cell membrane

An example of Facilitated Diffusion

a hill going from high to low concentration where no ATP is required

Net Flow

overall

isotonic solution

equal amounts of solvent/solute

Hypotonic

greater number on the "out"

Hypertonic

Greater number on the "in"

channel protein

diffusion with a helper protein

phosphilipid

has a hydrophilic(polar) head and a hydrophobic(nonpolar) "tail"

Transporter Protein

transports larger molecules in and out of the cell

Carrier Protein

can be used in active transport and is another name for the transporter protein

Receptor Protein

insulin or other hormones will attach to receptor proteins

Cellular Adhesion Molecules (CAM)

wide variety of functions/provides tight connections between neighboring cells

Glyco Proteins

proteins for cellular identity

Example of Glyco proteins

when immune cells fight off bacteria/diseases

CAM

Cellular Adhesion Molecules/provide tight connections between neighboring cells(ex:like Velcro because they adhere to neighboring cells)

Active Processes

require cellular energy(ATP)

Mitosis is essential for

tissue repair and growth/development

Cell Cycle

G1,S,G2,M

G1

organelles begin to divide in number

S

relpication of Dna

G2

synthesis of proteins

M

Mitosis(letter)

Cancer

Uncontrolled Mitosis

G1,S, and G2

also called interphase

Stages of Mitosis

PMAT

P

Prophase

M

Metaphase

A

anaphase

T

Telophase

Prophase

Chromosomes(attached with a centro-mere) become visible

Sister Chromatids

DNA in prophase

During Prophase

When do Centrioles produce spendile fibers

metaphase

seperated DNA material

Anaphase

the stage of mitosis when chromatids begin to move to opposite sides of the cell

telophase

Nuclear membranes begin to separate for two separate cells

Daughter cells

when 2 distinct cells are formed after mitosis

cytokinesis

When cytoplasm begins to pinch in and divide to 2 separate cells

true

different cells in the body have radically different rates of mitosis

Active processes

requires a transport protein

pinocytosis

cell drinking

endocytosis

cell eating

exocytosis

cellular contents are released from the cell

phagocytosis

when WBC's ingulf and take in foreign invaders

comparison for creanation

creanation is when the cell shrinks, and during cremation the body shrinks to ashes