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What is the Enviroment?
Sum Total of our surroundings
What is a Biotic Factor?
A living thing
What’s a Abiotic Factor?
A non-living thing
Are humans apart of the environment?
Yes
What is Interdisciplinary
Integrating knowledge from many different disciplines
What is Multidiciplinary?
People from different disciplines working together, drawing their expertise
Environmental Science is…
A science that searches for answers
Viking Civilization and Easter Island made what mistake?
Annihilating their civilizations by destroying their environment through population growth and excessive resource use.
What are the 5 Critical Factors that determine survival of civilization?
Climate change, hostile neighbours, trade partners, environmental problems, response to environmental problems.
Applied Goals?
Finding sustainable solutions to environmental problems using the triple bottom line approach
Environmental Pollution Includes what elements?
Air, Land, Water
Pollution Problems are becoming…
Less visible, more global, more long-term or chronic and complex
Land resources include
Agriculture, forestry, and mining
We have converted _____ of earths land surface for framing, grazing, and timber production
~50%
More food production has cause increased __________ Damage
Environmental
Aquatic Resource Issues Include
Freshwater/marine pollution, fisheries, water supplies
Non-Renewable sources include
Fossil fuels, metals, rare elements
Biodiversity Decline includes
Habitat fragmentation and loss, invasive species, network disruption, overharvesting.
Why is Biodiversity loss the biggest environmental problem
We cannot correct our mistakes later. Once a species is extinct its gone forever
What are the four major threats of biodiversity loss
Habitat fragmentation, invasive species, over exploitation of resources, disruption of interactive networks
Wicked problems?
Problems with many causes/ many stakeholders with different goals
Human populations are ________ on earth
Unevenly distributed
Carrying capacity?
Max population size that the area can support or sustain long term.
Renewable sources cannot be depleted? T or F
T
Non-renewable sources can be depleted/? T or F
T
What is the Tragedy of the commons?
Social trap that emerges when many people are using. A commonly held resource
What is the social trap Time delay?
An action that is beneficial today but causes issues later
What is the Social Trap Sliding Reinforcer
Something that is beneficial at first but changes conditions such that their benefit declines overtime
What is the Triple Bottom Line?
Finding ways to promote social justice (people), environmental quality(planet) and economic well being (profit)
What is Biodiversity?
The variety of all life on earth
Where are most species found?
Tropical Rainforests and Coastal areas
Genetic Diversity is…
Variations in the genes among individuals of the same species
Species diversity is….
The variety of species present in an area
Ecological diversity is….
The variety of habitats, niches, trophic levels, and community interactions
Endemic Species are
Only found in one region of the world naturally
Threatened species
Likely to becom endangered
Endangered species
In danger of becoming extinct
Expiration species
Locally extinct throughout its entire range
Extinct Species
Has become extinct throughout its entire range
Instrumental Value
Species valued by usefulness to humans
Intrinsic Value
Species have value in themselves
What is a Biodiversity hotspot?
Relatively small area with high concentration of endemic species and a large number of endangered and threatened species
What is a Gene Pool?
A collection of all versions of different genes present in a population of a particular species at a given time and place
What a total genetic information?
Available to population
Genetic Drift is caused by
Random mating
Bottleneck effects are caused by
Random events
Founder effects are caused by
Random movements
Allopathic Speciation
Species formation due to a physical separation
Sympatric Speciation
Species that became reproductively isolated
Minimum Viable Popluation
Smallest number of individuals that would still allow a population to persist
Developing Countries
Uses less resources per person
Developed Countries
Use more resources per person
T or F 20% of the world population are consuming over 80% of the earths natural resources
T
IPATS Model stands for what
Impact on, Population, Affluences, Technology, Sensitivity
Direct cost to make something?
Internal cost
Views environmental only as an external factor of production?
External costs
The bottom line
Focuses on immediate usefulness measured as profit
Weather is ____ Conditions over ___ time periods
Atmospheric, Short
Climate is _____ conditions across large geographic regions over ____ periods of time
Atmospheric, Long
Earths Climate has 3 influences what are they
Sun, atmosphere, oceans
2 Climate factors involved
Average annual Precipitation , average annual temperature
IPCC report that climate is ____, _____ are the cause, the change is extorting impacts that will become ____ severe
Changing, humans, more
What types of hazards are there?
Physical, Cultural , Chemical, biological
Physical hazards occur ____
Naturally
Cultural hazards are caused by
Our occupation, behavioural choices, smoking, diets, drug use, crime, mode of transportation
Chemical Hazards have 2 catagories what are they?
Natural and Synthetic
Pollutant
Contaminate the environment can harm to human or the environment
Contaminant
Occur in an environment at above normal levels that can be postitive or negative
Toxin
A toxic substance produced by organisms other than humans
Poison
An chemical agent or substance that produces harmful biological effects
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