EXAM 3 ORGANISMAL DIVERSITY

how are archaeaplastida different from plants?

they are the same things

red algae are red is because of an accessory pigment called ____ which masks the green of chlorophyll

phycoerythrin

for people red algae is used for…

sushi, carrageenan

___ is a thickening agent (toothpaste, gels, beer, desserts, etc)

carrageenan

___ are plant algae that are green. They include unicellular, colonial, and multicellular forms

chlorophytes

chlorophytes live in ___, marine, and ___ surfaces

freshwater, terrestrial

____ reproduce asexually unless times are tough — then they switch to sexual reproduction

chlamydomonas

haploid = __ copy of chromosomes

1

chlamydomonas teach us that ___ reproduction introduces genetic variation and that each creature produced will be a little different

sexual

These are 4 reasons to move from ___ water from ___

1. more sunlight

2. less predation

3. if the tips of the plant go above the surface of water into the air — there is more co2

4. soil rich in nutrients

shallow, deep

Two challenges of ___ for ___ is…

1. scarcity of water

2. standing up

land, plants

What is this?

1. alternation of generations

2. walled spores produced in sporangia

3. multicellular gametangia

4. apical meristems

4 unique traits of land plants

walled spores produced in sporangia means protection from…

drying out

apical meristems means that plants can…

grow back parts

A ___ is a polyester and wax polymer — “seals in freshness”, reduces water loss

cuticle

A ___ ___ compound are things that the plant produces to protect themselves

ex. poison ivy — chemical produced from the plant to protect itself from predators

can be useful for medicines

secondary plant

A ___ fungus is a fungus that forms a mutualistic relationship with plant roots

Fungus → helps absorb water + minerals (especially phosphorus)

Plant → gives fungus sugars from photosynthesis

mycorrhizal

The key idea of ___ ___ is that plants switch between:

gametophyte (makes gametes - sperm/egg)

sporophyte (makes spores)

alternating generations

___ are made via mitosis because the organism is already haploid

gametes

___ are made by meiosis to reduce from diploid → haploid

spores