Genes and the Brain

Steps for memory

Encoding - Storage - Retrieval

Encoding

The “learning” of a memory

Storage

The storing of a memory

Retrieval

The ability to retrieve a memory

Implicit memories

classically-conditioned associations

incidental memories

classically-conditioned associations

sensory memory

immediate, brief recording of sensory info in memory

working memory

temporary storage, organization, and manipulation of incoming information

intentional learning

learning you motivated

explicit memories

something you just know

capacity of working memory (simple)

7 plus/minus 2 items

capacity of working memory (complicated)

4 plus/minus 1 item

method of loci

uses familiar locations to help with memory

spacing effect

practice distributed over different periods of time produces better results

testing effect

need to practice retrieval

Retrieval path

memories are stored as a web of associations

hippocampus

used in the formation of memory

frontal lobes

used in the storing of memory

sleep

the hippocampus consolidates memory during

basal ganglia

procedural memories are stored in the

cerebellum

implicit memories are stored in the

amygdala

emotion related memory is stored in the

long term potentiation

increase in synaptic communication as you associate concepts; memories are encoded by changes in synaptic strength

recall

retrieval for a fill in the blank

recognition

retrieval and finding a correct option

retrieval effects

how material was learned, where material was learned, what mood material was learned in