AP LANG Vocab Group 5

Argument

A piece of reasoning with one or more premises and a conclusion. Also known as a claim, position, or stance.

Premise

Statements offered as reasons to support a conclusion.

A conclusion is the end result of the argument - the main point being made.

Qualifier

An argument with limitations, conditions or modifications in order to be more realistic or in anticipation of counterarguments.

Rebuttal

When writers _____, they offer a contrasting perspective on an argument and its evidence or provide alternative evidence to propose that all or a portion of a competing position or claim is invalid.

Refute

To prove a person wrong

When writers ____, they demonstrate, using evidence, that all or a portion of a competing position or claim is invalid.

Ethos

Credibility. means being convinced by the credibility of the author.

Pathos

Persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions.

Logos

Persuading by the use of logical reasoning, using true premises and valid

Induction

Making broad generalizations from

specific observations; opposite of deductive reasoning

Deductive Reasoning

Drawing specific conclusions from

general premises or principles

Concede

Accepting at least part or all of an opposing viewpoint.

Affirm

to state or assert positively; maintain as true:

Contentious

tending to argument or strife; quarrelsome

Equivocate (v.)

to use ambiguous or unclear expressions, usually to avoid commitment or in order to mislead or hedge

Equivocation (n.)

the use of ambiguous expressions, especially in order to mislead or hedge

Valid

Sound, just, well-founded