EQ3: What are the consequences of globalisation for global development and the physical environment and how should different players respond to its challenges?

Why are countries so rich and so poor

Rich > Institutions, FDI

Poor > Landlocked, inadequate tax system, tropical countries 5 diseases, geography poor soil, corrupt countries

Measuring Social development

Women development, life expectancy, number of women in politics, education and employment, literacy rate, HDI

Measuring environmental development

Air pollution indices

Deaths caused by air pollution

Measuring economic developing

GNI, GDP, GDP per capita, PPP- purchasing power parity, economic sector balance

Open borders, deregulation and encouragement of FDI created culturally mixed societies

• Travelling and tourism

• Urban growth

• Deregulation of labour markets

• Migration through open borders

• Media

Extremism nationalism

Involves an intense focus on a national identity, often prioritising one groups culture values, and interests while excluding or marginalising others

Key drivers of extreme nationalism

Economic uncertainty such as job losses

Fear of cultural dilution from immigration

Example of First Nations

Canada

First Nations

Some groups seek to retain their cultural identity within countries and seek to retain control of culture and of culture resources due to nunber of reasons

Preservation of heritage and identity

Language preservation

Developed revitalisation programmes

Control over resources and land rights

Negotiated treaties with gov

Protect ecosystem

Liberalism

Classic economic freedom

Censorship

Clamping down on free speech public communication and information which may be considered harmful and sensitive

Limiting immigration

Reducing numbers of people being allowed in to prevent lack of services for host population

Migration programme

Controls variety and number of workers moving to country according to department of immigration. Designed to target migrants which have skills or outstanding abilities to contribute to Aussie economy

Trade protectionism

Restraining trade between estates through methods such as tarrifs on imported goods and restrictive quotas

NAFTA subsiding corn growers

Resulted in Mexican farms shut down now 20m in Mexico facing poverty

Low production costs

Driven global levels of consumption higher as prices have fallen to relative earnings

Environmental and ethical issues resulting from globalisation

• Exploitation

• Plastic pollution

• Increase pressure on water supply

• Food miles

• Higher disposable incomes

• Climate change