cell structure/cell transport (unit 3)

cytoskeleton

like bungee cords that help give the cell shape and support

centrioles

only found in animal cells, found near the nucleus and aid in cell division

nucleus

control center of the cell

nuclear envelope

controls what goes in and out of the nucleus

nuclear pores

openings on the nuclear envelope that allows things to pass in and out of the nucleus

nucleolus

a dense volleyball in the nucleus where ribosomes are made

cell membrane (plasma membrane)

allows what goes in and out of the cell and has selective permeability, so only lets some substances in

cell wall

only found in plant cell and protects/supports the cell

ribosomes

where proteins are made

rough er

make proteins

smooth er

makes carbs, lipids, and proteins as well as detoxifies drugs and poisons

golgi apparatus/body

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins made by the rough er to be transported out of the cell

vesicles

little vehicles that transport materials within the cell and to and from the plasma membrane

vacuoles

stores material in the plant cell

lysosomes

help break down large food molecules and old organelles in the animal cell

mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell that makes energy to be used by the cell through cellular respiration

chloroplasts

site of photosynthesis and only found in plant cells

cilia

short, hairlike projections that move like a rowboat to help the cell move

flagella

longer, less numerous tail-like projections that move like a whip to propel a cell

difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus and are smaller and less complex while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and are larger and more complex

difference between passive and active transport

passive transport move things down the concentration gradient and doesn’t use atp, while active transport moves things against the concentration gradient and uses atp

forms of passive transport

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

forms of active transport

protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis

isotonic solution

concentration of solutes in the cell and solution are equal, so water moves equally in both directions

hypotonic solution

concentration of solutes is lower in the solution than in the cell, so water moves into the cell

hypertonic solution

concentration of solutes is higher in the solution, so water moves out of the cell

structure of a phospholipid

1 polar head and 2 non-polar tails