Nutrition Exam 2

The components of the heat increment consist of all of the following except

Basal metabolism

The gross energy of stearate compared to butyrate is expected to be

Greater than

The end product of glycolysis is

2 pyruvates

The pancreas secretes which important enzyme for carbohydrate digestion

alpha-amylase

Glucose is readily absorbed from the small intestine in adult ruminants

False

Bile is not important for lipid digestion

False

Long-chained fatty acids are absorbed directly into the blood circulatory system

False

Carotene is an example of a derived lipid

True

Stearic acid (C18:0) would be expected to be solid at room temperature

True

There is no requirement for fatty acids and the body is able to synthesize everything it needs

False

Most amino acids are in the "L" configuration

True

Urea is an example of a non-protein nitrogen source

True

In general (not including proline), most amino acids are composed of an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and R group

True

A lipoprotein is a complex or conjugated protein with what type of group interacting/attached to it

Lipid

Globular proteins tend to be long fibers or sheets, and fibrous proteins tend to be spherical

False

Net energy is useful energy

True

Most feed ingredients and diets are initially converted into what type of energy

Chemical

One key principle of "dilution of maintenance" is that as energy use for productive functions (e.g., milk production) increases, the proportion of total energy used for maintenance decreases

True

Both catabolic and anabolic reactions can occur in the TCA cycle

True

Glycolysis is a highly efficient pathway for extracting energy from glucose

False

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are smaller than low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

True

How many double bonds are in a fatty acid with a chemical structure of C18:2

2

Triglycerides are an example of a compound lipid

False

A/an will determine a protein's which will determine a protein's _. : Amino acid, structure, function

Metabolizable energy is the amount of energy required by the animal to meet its metabolic needs

False

Metabolizable energy is calculated as the energy value of the feed minus which of the following

Fecal energy loss, urinary energy loss, and gaseous energy loss

The TCA cycle is located in the cytoplasm of the cell

False, it occurs in the mitochondria

The units of energy generally used in the USA are calories

True

The sites of lipid digestion in a nonruminant species are

Small intestine, Rumen

In general, fats have how much more energy than carbohydrates

2.25x

If you feed a cow linoleic acid (18:2), you expect to see mostly what type of fatty acid in the duodenum (small intestine)

Stearic acid (18:0)

Can carbohydrates be converted into fats

Yes

All of the following are a classification of lipids except

Altered lipids

As long as you are feeding enough energy, animals don't need protein

False

In ruminants, propionate is the primary precursor for gluconeogenesis

True

The pancreas secretes which important enzyme for carbohydrate digestion

alpha-amylase

Bile is not important for lipid digestion

False

Fats are solid at room temperature

True

Stearate has a chemical formula of C18H36O2. Butyrate has a chemical formula of C4H8O2. Based on this information, the gross energy of stearate is expected to be what compared to butyrate?

Greater than

The electron transport chain requires oxygen for synthesis of ATP.

True

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process.

True

Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria

False, it occurs in the cytoplasm (OPPOSITE OF TCA CYCLE)

When feeding fats to nonruminants like swine, the fat composition of the body will mirror that of the fats consumed

True