ANS & NMJ Overview

dilate

under the sympathetic control, pupils _______

constrict

under the parasympathetic control, pupils ________

decreases

under the sympathetic control, salivation _______

increases

under the sympathetic control, sweating _______

increases

under the sympathetic control, breathing ______

increases

under the sympathetic control, the heart rate _________

slows

under the sympathetic control, digestion _________

secrete stress hormones

under the sympathetic control, the adrenal glands ________

increases

under the parasympathetic control, salivation ______

decreases

under the parasympathetic control, sweating ________

decreases

under the parasympathetic control, respiration ___________

decreases

under the parasympathetic control, heart rate __________

activates

under the parasympathetic control, digestion _________

decrease secretion of stress hormones

under the parasympathetic control, adrenal glands ________

NE

within the sympathetic nervous system, only _______ is secreted at synaptic clefts

dopamine

________ is the precursor for NE and epi

directly into the blood, adrenal gland

within the sympathetic nervous system, epinephrine is secreted ________ by the __________

greater

NE is found in the blood, but at concentrations 3x ________ than epi

acetylcholine

what is the neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic nervous system?

acetylcholine

what is the neurotransmitter for the somatic nervous system?

thoracic & lumbar region

where does the sympathetic system originate in the CNS?

short

pre-ganglionic neurons for the sympathetic nervous system are _____

ACh, nicotinic

at the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system, ______ gets released onto ________

NE

postganglionic neurons of the adrenergic sympathetic nervous system release _____

alpha & beta

what type of receptors are the terminal receptors for the sympathetic nervous system?

ACh

for the sympathetic cholinergic system, what neurotransmitter do postganglionic neurons release?

muscarinic

what is the terminal receptor for the sympathetic cholinergic system?

sweat glands (& some vessels)

what are the cell types affected by the sympathetic cholinergic system?

cranio-sacral

where does the parasympathetic nervous system originate in the CNS?

long

parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are _____

ACh, nicotinic

at the ganglia, preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release _______ onto _________ receptors

ACh, muscarinic

postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system release ______ onto ________ receptors

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

what are the targets for the parasympathetic nervous system?

spinal nerves

where does the somatic nervous system originate in the CNS?

no

does the somatic nervous system have ganglia?

ACh, nicotinic

at the NMJ, spinal nerves release _______ onto ________ receptors

skeletal muscle

what is the target for the somatic nervous system?

open Na+ & K+ channels causing depolarization

what is the general effect of cholinergic nicotinic receptors?

increases IP3 concentrations which increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations

what is the general effect of cholinergic muscarinic receptors?

increases concentrations of IP3 which increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations

what is the general effect of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors?

inhibits adenylyl cyclase which decreases cAMP

what is the general effect of alpha 2 adrenergic receptors?

stimulates adenylyl cyclase which increases cAMP

what is the general effect of beta 1 adrenergic receptors?

stimulates adenylyl cyclase which increases cAMP

what is the general effect of beta 2 adrenergic receptors?

dually innervated

most organs innervated by the ANS are said to be _______

B2, M3

what types of receptors are found on the lungs?

B1, M2

what types of receptors are found on the heart?

a1

what types of receptors are found on blood vessels?

M3, a1

what types of receptors are found on the salivary gland?

M2, M3, a1

what types of receptors are found on the lacrimal gland?

M3, a1

what types of receptors are found on the bladder?

M3, a1

what types of receptors are found in the GI tract?

M3

what types of receptors are found on the iris sphincter muscle?

M2, M3, B2

what types of receptors are found on the ciliary muscle?

M2, M3, a1

what types of receptors are found on the lacrimal gland?

a1

what types of receptors are found on the iris dilator muscle?

B2

what types of receptors are found on the trabecular meshwork?

B2, B1

what types of receptors are found on the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium?

a2

what types of receptors are found on the ciliary body vasculature?

a1

what types of receptors are found on mueller’s muscle?

miosis

iris sphincter muscle general effect (parasympathetic stimulation)

accommodation

ciliary muscle general effect (parasympathetic stimulation)

lacrimation

lacrimal gland general effect (parasympathetic stimulation)

dilation

iris dilator muscle general effect (sympathetic stimulation)

relaxation, increased outflow

trabecular meshwork general effect (sympathetic stimulation)

relaxation, decreased accommodation

ciliary muscle general effect (sympathetic stimulation)

increased aqueous humor formation

non-pigmented ciliary epithelium general effect (sympathetic stimulation)

constriction, decreased aqueous humor formation

ciliary body vasculature general effect (sympathetic stimulation)

decreased lacrimation

lacrimal gland general effect (sympathetic stimulation)

contraction, mild eyelid lift

mueller’s muscle general effect (sympathetic stimulation)

cholinergic agonists

• drugs that mimic ACh

• increases parasympathetic effects

cholinergic antagonists

• drugs that inhibit ACh

• decreased parasympathetic effects, increased sympathetic effects

adrenergic agonists

• drugs that mimic NE

• increases sympathetic effects

adrenergic antagonists

• drugs that inhibit NE

• decreases sympathetic effects, increases parasympathetic effects

bronchodilation

when B2 receptors on the lung are stimulated, this causes _____

bronchoconstriction

when M3 receptors on the lung are stimulated, this causes _______

increased heart rate

when B1 receptors on the heart are stimulated, this causes _____

decreased heart rate

when M2 receptors on the heart are stimulated, this causes ________

vasoconstriction

when a1 receptors on blood vessels are stimulated, this causes ________

vasodilation

when muscarinic receptors on blood vessels are stimulated, this causes _________

decreased salivation

when a1 receptors on the salivary glands are stimulated, this causes ___________

increased salivation

when M2, M3 receptors on the salivary glands are stimulated, this causes _______

decreased tearing

when a1 receptors on the lacrimal gland are stimulated, this causes _____

increased tearing

when M2, M3 receptors on the lacrimal gland are stimulated, this causes _____

decreased urination

when a1 receptors on the bladder are stimulated, this causes ______

increased urination

when M2, M3 receptors on the bladder are stimulated, this causes ________

decreased defecation

when a1 receptors on the GI tract are stimulated, this causes _______

diarrhea (increased defecation)

when M2, M3 receptors on the GI tract are stimulated, this causes ________

cholinergic

_________ drugs control the sweat glands because they work on muscarinic receptors found there