Science Test- History of Life on Earth
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18 Terms
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Fossilization
occurs when the remains of an animal are covered by sediment and preserved
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why is fossilization so rare?
there are many processes that prevent a fossil from forming-therefore fossilization is rare
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7 types of fossils-
1. **Permineralized**
2. **Carbonized**
3. **Frozen remains**
4. **Cast and mold**
5. **Amber**
6. **Tar pit**
7. **Trace**
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Radiometric dating
the method of finding the absolute age of rock based on comparing the amounts of stable +unstable particles
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uniformitarianism
geologic events and phenomena that occur today, also happened in the past, and will happen in the future.
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law of superposition
states that in a sequence of undisturbed rocks, the oldest layers are at the bottom; newest/youngest layers are at the top.
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absolute age
the actual age of something
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half life
the amount of time needed for half of a sample of a radioactive substance to decay
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extinction
when all members of a species die out
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fossil record
collection of all known fossils and their placement in order from most recent
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paleontologist
A person who studies fossils
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geologist
A person who studies rocks; minerals
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mass extinction
large numbers of species die out in different parts of Earth during a relatively short period of time
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reasons for mass extinction
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**you only need 3*\*
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**you only need 3*\*
meteor strike, climate change, overhunting, pollution, natural disasters, low oxygen levels, sea level drops, realize of methane gas
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pick two trace fossils and describe what they tell us
**footprints-** tells us if the animal walked on two or four feet and how big the animal is
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**scratch marks**- tells us if the animal had claws/was a predator
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**dung stones-** tells us what the animal ate, whether it was a carnivore or herbivore.
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**burrows/nests-** tells us the type of habitat the animal liked to live in; also shows the behavior
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**scratch marks**- tells us if the animal had claws/was a predator
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**dung stones-** tells us what the animal ate, whether it was a carnivore or herbivore.
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**burrows/nests-** tells us the type of habitat the animal liked to live in; also shows the behavior
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evidence on how dinosaurs went extinct
fossils (big below, tiny above boundary)
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Iridium (In/on rocks)
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Tsunami deposits
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Crater
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Shocked quartz
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Iridium (In/on rocks)
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Tsunami deposits
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Crater
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Shocked quartz
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rank the geologic time scales from greatest amount of years to least.
Eon, Era, Period, Epoch, Age
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geologic time scale
divides Earth’s history into intervals of time defined by major events or changes on Earth