Ethical Dilemmas and Theories of Motivation in Psychology

What is a key concern regarding the reliability of memories?

We can't reliably distinguish true memories from false memories.

What is the role of independent corroboration in memory?

It helps verify the accuracy of memories.

What are motives in psychology?

Internal states that direct behavior towards specific objects or goals, driving us to satisfy deficits in needs.

What are the three popularly researched needs according to psychological theories?

Achievement, Power, and Intimacy.

How do needs relate to states of tension?

Needs create a state of tension caused by a deficit.

What are Horney's 10 Neurotic Needs categorized into?

Moving Toward others, Moving Against others, and Moving Away from others.

What is the focus of Humanistic psychology regarding needs?

The need to self-actualize and fulfill growth goals, not just deficits.

What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A theory that suggests needs must be met in a sequential manner, with lower-level needs being more pressing than higher-level ones.

What are the levels of needs in Maslow's hierarchy?

Physiological needs, Safety needs, Belonging needs, Esteem needs, and Self-actualization.

What did Maslow believe was important for fulfilling needs?

Having a predictive life.

What is self-actualization?

The need to develop one's potential and become the person one is meant to be.

Who contributed to the idea of self-actualization alongside Maslow?

Carl Rogers.

What is Kenrick's reinterpretation of the hierarchy of needs focused on?

Parenting, mate retention, mate acquisition, status/esteem, affiliation, and self-protection.

What is the highest form of achievement according to Kenrick?

To be a parent.

What does the term 'self-actualization' imply about accessibility?

It raises questions about whether self-actualization is accessible only to those who can afford it.

What is the significance of emotional expression in ethical dilemmas?

Confidence, detail, and emotion in statements do not guarantee their truth.

What psychological impact can the need for power have?

It can lead to high blood pressure.

What is the relationship between survival needs and happiness?

People are often more upset about not having growth needs met than about survival needs.

What does the term 'fragility of memory' refer to?

Memory is a delicate construct that can be easily influenced or distorted.

What does 'moving against others' in Horney's neurotic needs imply?

It involves aggression and the desire to dominate.

What does 'moving away from others' in Horney's neurotic needs imply?

It involves withdrawal and creating boundaries.