APWH 5.1- Enlightened Thinkers

Thomas Hobbes

★ Wrote Leviathan English Civil War, bad times People are born evil, government to protect us (Social Contract) Absolute Monarchy

John Locke

★ Wrote Two Treatises on Government

Wrote during Glorious Revolution, good times People are born good

Natural Rights/Laws

John Locke

Life, Liberty, Property

Right to overthrow oppressive government

Power to govern from consent of governed

Baron de Montesquieu

★ Checks and balances

Voltaire

★ Wrote Candide

Free speech

Free religion/toleration

Bill of Rights

Denis Diderot

Wrote Encyclopedia

Importance of education and knowledge

Mary Wollstonecraft

★ Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women Wrote during French Revolution

Women's Rights

Jean Jacques Rousseau

★ Remake of Social Contract

Society turns people evil, people need to do good (General Will)

False Desires, less morality

Adam Smith

Wrote Wealth of Nations

Capitalism

Laissez-Faire economics, response to mercantilism Invisible Hand (greed) fixes market

Henri de Saint-Simon

★ Utopian socialist

Businesses work with government for works useful to society

Charles Fourier

Utopian socialist

Wanted good working conditions

Feminist

Robert Owen

★ Utopian socialist

Scotland and New Harmony, Indiana

Built communities with public works, socialist principles

Karl Marx

Communism, Marxism

Wrote Communist Manifesto

Equality

No private property

Theodor Herzl

★ Zionism

Austro-Hungarian Jew

Dreyfus Affair response

Edmund Burke

★ A conservative leader 1790,

Published Reforms on The Revolution in France

Greatest intellectual defenses of European conservatism.

Defended inherited privileges

Glorified unrepresentative Parliament

Predicted reform would lead to much chaos/tyranny.