Kinesiology: The Shoulder Complex

list the osteology of the shoulder

sternum
clavicle
scapula
humerus

parts of the sternum

manubrium attachment

parts of the scapula

inferior, superior, lateral angles
medial & lateral borders
glenoid fossa articulates with humerus

parts of the humerus

humeral head articulates with glenoid fossa of scapula

the shoulder complex is built for ______.

mobility

list the articulations of the shoulder complex

sternoclavicular (SC) joint
acrominoclavicular (AC) joint
coracoclavicular (CC) joint
glenohumeral joint
scapulothoracic "joint"

glenohumeral joint classification

synovial ball and socket joint

describe the glenoid cavity

shallow and naturally unstable

static stabilizers of the GH joint

capsule and glenoid labrum
GH ligaments

dynamic stabilizers of the GH joint

rotator cuff muscles

where is the sternoclavicular (SC) joint?

where the proximal end of the clavicle meets the sternum

classification of the sternoclavicular joint

modified saddle (sellar) joint

SC DOF

3 DOF

convex movement of the clavicle is _______

elevation / depression

concave movement of the clavicle is ______

protraction / retraction

what is located between bones at the SC joint

fibrocartilage disc between the bones

SC joint planes of motion

frontal and transverse plane movement and sagittal rotation

the SC joint is the ONLY _______

bony connection of arm to axial skeleton

The acromioclavicular (AC) joint connects what?

connection of the scapula to clavicle

acromoclavicular joint classification

irregular diarthroidal/ plane synovial joint

AC joint DOF

3 DOF

where is the AC joint close packed?

at 90 degrees at humeral abduction

acromoclavicular and sternoclavicular movements interplay

elevation and downward rotation of the scapula & protraction and internal rotation of the scapula

coracoclavicular (CC) joint classification

Synarthrosis - syndesmosis

coracoclavicular joint location

inferior clavicle meets the coracoid process of the scapula

CC joint function of motion

permits little motion and adds to joint stability

Scapulothoracic joint location

scapula lays against posterior thorax

scapulothoracic joint classification

pseudo-joint

scapulothoracic joint bone connection

NO bony connection

scapulothoracic joint attached by what

attached by muscle/tendon

scapulothoracic joint acts as an attachment site for what?

reat attachment site for shoulder girdle

scapulothoracic joint function

stabilize shoulder

scapulothoracic joint motion

permit a wide variety of motions

scapulothoracic joint DOF

3 DOF

scapulothoracic movements in sagittal plane

anterior/ posterior tilt

scapulothoracic movements in frontal plane

upward / downward rotation

scapulothoracic movements in transverse plane

internal / external rotations

translatory movements at the scapulothoracic joint

elevation / depression
protraction / retraction

scapular retraction is what type of motion

translatory motion

muscles involved in scapular retraction

middle trapezius
rhomboids
lower trapezius

scapular elevation is what type of motion

translatory motion

muscles involved in scapula elevation

levator scapula
rhomboid minor
rhomboid major

List the major muscles of the shoulder complex

trapezius
serratus anterior
rhomboid major and minor
levator scapulae
deltoid
pectoralis major
supraspinatus
coracobrachiallis
latissimus dorsi
teres major
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
biceps brachii
triceps brachii

list the muscles from the thorax to the scapula

trapezius
thomboids major and minor
levator scapulae
serratus anterior
pectoralis minor

how many parts does the trapezius has

4

action of trapezius 1

elevate scapula, extend head and cervical spine

action of trapezius 2

aid in upward rotation, retraction, and elevation

action of trapezius 3

aid in retaction, upward and downward rotation

action of trapezius 4

aid in depression, retraction, and upward. rotation

actions of rhomboids major and minor

retract the scapulae
elevate (slightly) the scapulae
downward rotate scapulae

action of levator scapulae

elevate the scapulae

serratus anterior origin

first to eighth or ninth ribs

serratus anterior insertion

superior angle, medial border, and inferior angle of scapula

serratus anterior action

protraction of scapulae

serratus anterior nerve

Long thoracic n. (C5-C7)

pectoralis minor origin

ribs 3-5

pectoralis minor insertion

coracoid process

pectoralis minor action

stabilization, depression, downward rotation and forward tipping of the scapula. accessory muscle for inspiration

pectoralis minor nerve

medial pectoral

list the muscles from the scapula to the humerus

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
deltoid
coracobrachialis
teres major
biceps brachii
triceps brachii

Supraspinatus origin

supraspinatus fossa of scapula

Supraspinatus insertion

greater tuberosity of humerus

Supraspinatus action

abduction, external rotation (assist)

Supraspinatus nerve

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

infraspinatus origin

infraspinous fossa of scapula

infraspinatus insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

infraspinatus action

external rotation, horizontal abduction

teres minor origin

posterior lateral border of scapula

teres minor insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

teres minor action

external rotation, horizontal abduction

teres minor nerve

axillary (C5 - C6)

subscapularis orgin

subscapular fossa of scapula (anterior)

subscapularis insertion

less tubercule of humerus

subscapularis action

medial rotation

subscapularis nerve

subscapular (C5, C6)

describe the rotator cuff

4 muscles and their tendons (SITS) act to preserve stability and aid in rotation of the arm (3 posterior, 1 anterior)

muscles of the rotator cuff

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

deltoid origin

outer 1/3 of clavicle, top of acromion, scapular spine

deltoid insertion

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

anterior deltoid action

flexion, horizontal adduction

middle deltoid action

abduction, horizontal abduction

posterior deltoid action

extension, horizontal adduction, external rotation

deltoid nerve

axillary (C5, C6)

coracobrachialis origin

coracoid process of scapula

coracobrachialis insertion

medial anterior humerus

coracobrachialis action

assists in flexion, adduction, horizontal adduction

coracobrachialis nerve

musculocutaneous (C5- C7)

teres major origin

lower 1/3 of posterior lateral border of scapula

teres major insertion

anterior humerus (medial lip of bicipital groove)

teres major action

extension, adduction medial rotation

teres major nerve

subscapular

biceps brachii long head origin

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

biceps brachii short head origin

coracoid process of scapula

biceps brachii insertion

radial tuberosity

biceps brachii action

assist with abduction, flexion, adduction, medial rotation, horizontal adduction

biceps brachii nerve

muscluocutaneous

triceps brachii origin

infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

triceps brachii insertion

olecranon process (posterior) of ulna

triceps brachii action

assists in extension of shoulder, adduction of humerus

triceps brachii nerve

radial (C5 - T1)