LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

What is a Bill?

A measure which, if passed through the legislative process, becomes a law.

Define Unexpurgated.

Basically untouched; in the context of Rizal’s novels, unexpurgated versions are those that were not changed or censored.

What does Bicameral mean?

Involving the two chambers of Congress: the Senate and the House of Representatives.

What is the Rizal Law?

Republic Act 1425 mandates the teaching of Jose Rizal’s life and works in schools, with emphasis on his novels.

When was the Rizal Law passed?

The Rizal Law was passed in 1956.

What are the first steps in the legislative process?

A bill is filed in the Senate Office, assigned a number, and calendared for the first reading.

What happens during the First Reading?

The bill’s title, number, and author(s) are read on the floor and then referred to the appropriate committee.

What occurs in Committee Hearings?

The bill is discussed and consultations are held. The committee may approve, recommend substitution, or reject it.

What does the President do with the bill after legislative approval?

The President may sign the bill into law or veto it and return it to Congress.

Who filed Senate Bill No. 438?

Senate Bill No. 438 was filed by Jose P. Laurel.

What significant amendments were made to the Rizal Bill?

The compulsory reading of Rizal’s novels was removed, but his other works were included in the curriculum.

What are the key provisions of the Rizal Law?

The law includes mandating the teaching of Rizal's works, maintaining copies in libraries, translating his works, and allocating ₱300,000 for its implementation.

Why is the Rizal Law significant?

It ensures that all Filipino students study Rizal’s works, encourages nationalism, and promotes historical awareness.

What is a Nation?

A group of people with a shared language, culture, and history.

What is a Nation-state?

A state ruling over a nation.

What does Sovereignty mean?

The authority to govern a polity without external interference/incursions.

Define State in political terms.

A political entity that wields sovereignty over a defined territory.

What is Patriotism?

A feeling of attachment to one's homeland.

What are Bayan/Banua?

Indigenous Filipino concepts of community and territory that may be related to nationalism.

What was the aim of the Rizal Law?

To instill nationalism in Filipino youth.

What is Primordialism regarding national identity?

A theory stating national identity is based on deep-rooted characteristics such as race, language, and religion.

What does the Modernity theory propose about nationalism?

Nationalism and national identity are products of social structures influenced by capitalism, urbanization, secularization, and bureaucratization.

What is the Constructivist Approach to nationalism?

Nationalism is a social construct, shaped by discourse and collective imagination.

Who were key figures in early Filipino nationalism?

Filipino heroes like Andres Bonifacio and Jose Rizal.

What does Kapwa represent in Filipino culture?

A core social value emphasizing unity and harmony.

What are key values mentioned in Emilio Jacinto's 'Kartilya ng Katipunan'?

True patriotism and mutual support.

What is the significance of leaders according to Jacinto's 'Liwanag at Dilim'?

Leaders exist for the benefit of the Bayan (people), not for personal power.

What defines Millenarian groups?

Movements that anticipate a significant social transformation leading to the establishment of a divine Kingdom.

What does the term Rizalista signify?

A faith-based movement that sees Jose Rizal as a divine figure.

What interpretation does 'Jove Rex Al' have for Rizalistas?

It means 'God King of All,' reflecting their belief in Rizal's divinity.

What is meant by 'Colorum'?

It refers to secret organizations that resisted the colonial government in the Philippines.

Describe the process of canonization.

The official act of declaring someone a saint after death.

What is the date of Rizal's execution?

December 30, 1896, a crucial event in Philippine history.

What recognition did Rizal receive from the Taft Commission?

He was designated as the National Hero of the Philippines in 1901.

What was the role of the Philippine Independent Church regarding Rizal?

They canonized Rizal as a saint in 1903.

How do Rizalistas interpret Rizal's mission?

They compare it to that of Jesus Christ, dedicated to freeing Filipinos from oppression.

Why is December 30 an important date in the Philippines?

It marks Rizal's execution and is commemorated as a national holiday.

Who was the founder of the Adarnista movement?

Candida Balantac, also known as Inang Adarna, established it in 1901.

What are the primary beliefs of the Sambahang Rizal?

They believe that Rizal's novels serve as the foundation for their teachings and conduct several sacraments.

What tenets does the Iglesia Watawat ng Lahi uphold?

They regard Rizal as both Christ and a divine messenger, emphasizing love for God and country.

What characterizes the Suprema de la Iglesia de Ciudad Mistica de Dios Inc.?

They believe Rizal continued the work of Jesus Christ and place great significance on his death.

How is Rizal viewed by Rizalista groups overall?

As a venerated figure symbolizing the Filipino struggle and akin to the 'Filipino Jesus Christ' (Jove Rex Al).

What was the societal impact of Rizal's execution?

It sparked revolutionary actions that contributed to the Philippines' push for independence and solidified his status as a national hero.

In what manner did Rizal embody the ideals of nationalist movements?

His martyrdom inspired various factions aimed at spiritual and national emancipation.

What similarities are drawn between Rizal and other historical figures?

Both Rizal and religious figures like Jesus Christ are recognized as martyrs and reformers with a commitment to uplifting their communities.

How did Rizal's recognition by the American colonial government influence national identity?

His status as a national hero fostered a sense of identity and unity among Filipinos.

What are common practices among Rizalista groups?

They often hold commemorative events on December 30 to honor Rizal's legacy and promote his teachings.

Why do Rizalistas emphasize syncretism in their beliefs?

They merge traditional Catholic practices with nationalistic sentiments to celebrate Rizal's contributions.

What role did literature, like 'Noli Me Tangere,' play in Rizalista beliefs?

It serves as a religious text, foundational to their doctrine and understanding of Rizal's mission.

What does the term 'Filipino Christ' refer to in this context?

It alludes to figures like Rizal and Apolinario dela Cruz, who are viewed as saviors in the nationalist narrative.

How has Rizal's legacy continued to influence Filipino culture?

His ideas and martyrdom inspire contemporary movements advocating for justice and social change.

What is a biography?

A narrative that describes a person's life and its impact on society, shaped by historical events.

When was Jose Rizal born?

June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna.

Who baptized Jose Rizal?

Father Rufino Collantes on June 22, 1861.

What is the full name of Jose Rizal?

Dr. Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal Alonzo y Realonda.

What does 'Rizal' mean?

Derived from 'Ricial', meaning a green field.

Who were Jose Rizal's parents?

Don Francisco Mercado and Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda.

What influence did Rizal's parents have on him?

They instilled values of education and culture, contributing to his characteristics.

Who is Domingo Lamco?

Rizal's great-great-grandfather, a Chinese immigrant from Fukien.

What was Rizal's first memory?

Happy days spent in the family garden at age three.

What poem did Rizal write about Calamba at age 15?

'Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)'.

What was the significance of the execution of Gom-Bur-Za in Rizal's life?

It inspired Rizal to combat Spanish tyranny, leading to his commitment to reform.

What educational institution did Jose Rizal attend after Calamba?

Ateneo Municipal de Manila.

What was notable about Rizal's achievements at Ateneo?

He topped all subjects and received multiple medals, graduating with highest honors at age 16.

What did Rizal study at the University of Santo Tomas?

Initially Philosophy and Letters, then shifted to Medicine.

What alias did Rizal use while in Spain for his secret mission?

Jose Mercado.

What organization did Rizal join in Madrid?

The Círculo Hispano-Filipino, a society for Spaniards and Filipinos.

What medical specialty did Rizal pursue in Europe?

Ophthalmology, specifically to treat his mother's eye condition.

What was Rizal's role during his exile in Dapitan?

He practiced medicine, engaged in community projects, and educated local boys.

What was the reason for Rizal's trial in 1896?

He was accused of organizing a revolution and founding illegal organizations.

What was the outcome of Rizal's trial?

He was found guilty and sentenced to death.

When was Rizal executed?

December 30, 1896.

What was the title of Rizal's farewell poem?

'Mi Último Adiós' (My Last Farewell).

What did Rizal mean by his last words, 'Consummatum est'?

It is finished.

What impact did Rizal's execution have on the Philippine revolution?

It became a rallying point for those seeking independence from Spanish rule.