Period 4 (ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS)

Federalist Party

Political Party that supported a strong central government and a manufacturing economy

Democratic Republic

Political Party that advocated for limited government involvement and agrarianism

Revolution of 1800

First peaceful transfer of presidential power within political parties

What was Thomas Jefferson Policys centered aroound

Strict Constructionism

Louisiana Purchase

The purchasing of the louisiana territory from france

Who led the Corps of Discovery

William Clark and Meriwether

What was Corps of Discovery

Exploration of the northern sector of the louisiana purchase

John Marshall

Supreme court chief justice who led the court cases that expanded power of the federal government

What was the verdict of Marbury vs Maddison?

Established that the supreme court had the right to declare any laws unconstitutional, known as judiciary review

Judiciary Act

John Adams Created new opening in the supreme court to add more federalist influence, these judges were known as midnight judges

What was the verdict of McCulloch vs Maryland of 1819

Established that federal law trumps state law

What was the biggest issues with the Jefferson presidency

Impressment struggles and Barbary Pirate attacks

Impressment

The kidnapping of Americans onto British ships

Why did america start the War of 1812

Impressment and issues with the frontier

Hartford Convention

Federalists held a convention which threatened to secede from the union if America went to war with Britain

What were the major problems found in the war of 1812

National bank was disestablished meaning the U.S. had a lack of funds and the U.S. had weak transportation and infrastructure

Henry Clay

Founded the American system to solve the issues of the War of 1812

What were the 3 rules of the american system

1. federally funded internal improvements (roads and canals)

2. Federal Tariffs

3. Second Bank of the United States

Missouri Compromise

Missourdi would become a slave state, the newly established maine state would be a free state, and the 36 30 parallel would be implemented

36 30 parallel

A line that established which territories were allowed to be slave or free states, states below it would enter into the union as slave states which states above it would enter into the union as free states

Tallmadge Amendment

Proposed by James Tallmadge which proposed that missouri would ban slavery after 25 years but it was never implemented

Treaty of Ghent of 1814

Ended the War of 1812 and established the US and Canada border; Oregan territory was agreed to be shared by both britian and the US

How did the US obtain the spanish florida territory (Adams Onis Treaty)

Spain was having trouble running florida due to lack of millitary and so spain sold the land to the US,

Monroe Doctrine

Written by James Monroe, it stated that the lands on the western hemisphere were strictly off limits for european influence

Market Revolution

The linking of northern industries with western and southern farms, which was created by advances in agriculture, industry, and transportation; marked America’s transition from an agrarian society to a capitalistic society

What were 4 transportation changes during the early 1800s

The National Road, Canals, the steamboat, and railroad revolutionized transportation

What was Eli Whitney’s invention and how was it used

He created interchangable parts for guns which allowed for factory systems to grow in populatirty; He also created the cotton gin which increased the efficency in producing and manufacturing cotton

Whats the difference between Subsistence Farming and Commercial farming

Subsistence Farming focused on farming for survival but was replaced by commerical farming during the 1800s which focused on farming for money

What type of people immigrated to america during this time period

Western and central immigrants from Ireland and Germany

What was the result of mass immigration during this time period

Mass employment in northern industries, increase in nativism

What were the main traits of the middle class during this time period

Temperance, religious affiliation, and excess money to spend on leisurely activities

Cult of domesticity

States that it was a women’s job to raise babies and provide a home that was a haven for the rest of her family, while the husband was meant to bring all the income

Lowell factory

Staffed by mostly women but they were paid very little and worked long hours

Panic of 1819

Caused by efforts to control inflation; economic downfall, job loss and debt arrested

Who was the Democrat Party

Believed in limited federal power and strict interpretation of the constitution

Who was the national republicans (also known as whigs)

Had an expansive view of federal power and believed in loose constitution interpretation

Why was the election of 1824 so significant

there were 4 canidates within the democratic republican party; Henry clay influenced the house of representatives to pick John Quincy Adams as president which Andrew Jackson called “A Corrupt Bargain”

Tariff of 1828

raised import taxes by 30-40% which was massive for the time

Doctrine of Nullification

John Calhoun argued that if a state found a federal law unconstitutional they didnt have to abide by it, which caused south carolina to rebel against the tariff of 1828

Force Bill

Gave Andrew Jackson permission to enter south carolina with millitary to prevent the rebellion

what was important about the 1828 ans 1832 elections

Both between Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson and focused on the rechartering of the national bank

Indian Removal act

Forcibly removed all native americans from their land to the oklahoma territory

Worecester vs Georgia

The cherokee nation sued the state of georgia for forced removal which the supreme court did agree was unconstitutional but jackson still went through with the act

Trail of Tears

The travel native americans took after the indian removal act which led to alot of death

Romanticism

The expression of emotion and desire in the use of literature and art

Transcendentalism

A philosphoical idea which believed in self determination and reflection towards spirtual awakening

who were the two transcendentalist writers at this time

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau

Shaker Utopia

Believed in shared property but died off because of distaste toward sex

Oneida communities

Shared property and believe in familial equality for all

The Second Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals that emphasized righteous living, personal restraint and strong moral rectitud that would lead someone to salvation

Why did the second great awakening occur

Market revolution, rise in democratic and individualist beliefs, and the rejection of rationalism in favor of romanticism

Charles Gradison Finney

Founded a new form of preaching which utilized great emotion with plain language for common folj to understand

The american Temperance society

A group that directed their efforts to attacking to use of alcohol

William Lloyd Garrian

Writer of the Liberator that said white people needed to stand against slavery through moral argument and not violence

Frederick Douglass

Publish an autobiography that emphasized the dehumanization in the slavery institution

Seneca Falls Conmention

Led by Elizabeth Cady Stantion and Lucretia Mott, addressed women’s rights in american society

Declaration of sentiments and resolution

Written like the declaration of independence but included the grievances of women into it

How did enslaved people keep their culture

Kept their native names and languages, maintained culture and religion

United States vs Aminstad

Enslaved black people took over a ship and were arrested in america, the supreme court was in favor to and gave the freedom to the people on the ship

Nat turner’s rebellion

led by Nat Turner, this rebellion killed white enslavers; when it was stopped it led to stricter regulation on enslavement