(50) Reproductive System and Management in Cattle

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Ovary

The organ in the cow that secretes estrogen.

Progesterone

The hormone responsible for maintaining pregnancy.

Corpus Luteum (CL)

The structure that forms after ovulation and secretes progesterone.

Infundibulum

The structure that pushes the ovum into the fallopian tube.

Estrus Cycle Duration

21 days in cattle and carabaos.

Ovulation Timing

Occurs 10-15 hours after the end of estrus in cows.

Estrus Period Duration

11-21 hours in cows.

Metestrus

The phase characterized by sexual inactivity and formation of the CL.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

The hormone that causes follicle rupture during ovulation.

Gestation Period

The gestation period for cattle is 283 days.

Gestation

The term for the period from fertilization to parturition.

Puberty Age

A cow reaches puberty at 13-14 months.

Diestrus

The phase of the estrous cycle with the highest progesterone level.

Cervix

The organ that serves as the passageway between the uterus and vagina.

Estrogen Function

Prepares the heifer for puberty and triggers heat.

Artificial Insemination Pioneer

Lazaro Spallanzani first performed artificial insemination in 1780.

Ideal Temperature for A.V.

40-52°C for semen collection.

Good Quality Semen Color

Grayish white to pale cream.

Liquid Nitrogen Temperature

-196°C for semen storage.

Average Semen Volume

5-10 mL per collection.

Prostaglandin

The hormone used to regress the corpus luteum in estrus synchronization.

Minimum Semen Motility

Above 60% for acceptable semen.

A.I. Gun

The device used to insert semen during artificial insemination.

Semen Thawing Time

17 seconds at 37°C in a water bath before insemination.

Types of Embryo Transfer

MOET and SOET.

Hot Iron Branding

The most common branding method in cattle.

Ideal Dehorning Age

6 weeks.

Diving Position

The ideal calving position.

Retained Placenta Handling

Do not pull forcefully; seek veterinary help.

Castration Age

Calves should be castrated at 3 months.

Iron Dextran Injection

Given 4-5 days after birth to calves.

Deworming Start Age

Should begin at 10-14 days old.

Colostrum Suckling Time

A calf should suckle colostrum within 1-3 hours after birth.

Vaccination Timing

Commonly vaccinated against Hemosep and FMD 2-3 weeks before weaning.

Bull Testicular Circumference

Should reach a minimum of 30 cm.

Milking Cow Space Requirement

6 sq. meters.

Fence Post Height

Should be 1.5 meters above ground.

Daily Water Consumption

A mature cow consumes 45 liters daily.

Feeding Space per Horned Animal

107 cm.

Stocking Rate Formula

Total A.U. ÷ stocking rate per hectare.

Dry Matter Requirement

For a 250 kg steer at 2.5% BW, it is 6.25 kg/day.

Scientific Name of Napier Grass

Pennisetum purpureum.

DM Percentage of Fresh Forage

20%.

DM Concentrate Calculation

1.875 kg needed for 6.25 kg total DM at 30%.

Mix Ratio for UTRS

Rice straw 100 kg : Urea 4 kg : Water 96 kg.

DFD in Meat Quality

Stands for Dark, Firm, and Dry.

PSE in Meat Quality

Stands for Pale, Soft, and Exudative.

Animal Welfare Law in Philippines

RA 8485 protects animal welfare.

Dressing Percentage Calculation

(Carcass weight ÷ Live weight) × 100.

Fat Content of Carabao Milk

7-8%.