Non coding RNAs

Telomerase RNA component (TERC)

Plays a role in extending the ends of linear chromosomes during DNA replication in eukaryotes.

X inactive-specific transcript (XIST)

Involved in chromatin structure and transcription, specifically in the inactivation of one X chromosome in female eukaryotes.

Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR)

Regulates chromatin structure and transcription, impacting gene expression in eukaryotes.

RNaseP RNA

Facilitates the processing of tRNA molecules by cleaving their precursors in eukaryotes.

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Critical for splicing pre-mRNA by forming part of the spliceosome in eukaryotes.

Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)

Participates in the processing of rRNA molecules, modifying and guiding chemical changes in eukaryotic ribosomal RNA.

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Functions in translation, bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Forms the structural and functional core of ribosomes, enabling translation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Antisense RNA

Regulates translation by binding complementary sequences to block or modify gene expression in eukaryotes.

MicroRNA (miRNA)

Involved in translation and RNA degradation, suppressing gene expression post-transcriptionally in eukaryotes; endogenous ncRNA that are 20-25 nts in length.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)

Plays a role in translation and RNA degradation, exogenous ncRNAs that are 20-25 nts in length and participate in RNAi.

RNA component of signal recognition particle (SRP)

Essential for protein targeting and secretion, guiding nascent proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Viral RNA

Serves as the genome for RNA viruses, carrying genetic information for viral replication.

CRISPR RNA (crRNA)

Functions in genome defense in prokaryotes by guiding the CRISPR-associated proteins to target and degrade foreign DNA.

PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA)

Protects the genome in eukaryotes by suppressing transposon activity, contributing to genome defense.

Guide RNAs

Aid in mRNA modification, ensuring proper editing and functionality of transcripts in eukaryotes.

non-coding RNAs

RNA molecules that do not encode polypeptides.

ribozymes

RNA molecules with catalytic functions.

long non-coding RNAs

RNA molecules that are longer than 200 nucleotides.

small regulatory RNAs

RNA molecules that are shorter than 200 nucleotides.

RNA interference (RNAi)

A process in which double stranded RNA causes the silencing of mRNA.

RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)

Complex that mediates RNAi.

small recognition particle (SRP)

A complex between ncRNA and one or more proteins that directs newly synthesized polypeptides to the ER in eukaryotes or plasma membrane in prokaryotes.