Comprehensive Rhetoric, Communication, and Speech Strategies for Students

Saint Augustine

Talked about how to talk in front of different audiences. He talked a lot about style and types of speeches per occasion. Rhetoric to him is a source of teaching.

Christine de Pizan

Helped introduce feminism and correct misinformation about women and talked about women's right to education. She also wrote about war.

Aspasia

First woman to have opinion valued and used. Known for politics and philosophy. Went to events where women were expected but wives were not allowed.

Madame de Scudery

Challenged gender roles and wrote about philosophy. Most famous French novelist of her time.

Cicero

Made the five cannons of Rhetoric: Invention

Global Plagiarism

Stealing entire speech from another source and passing it off as your own.

Patchwork Plagiarism

Using bits and pieces of content from various sources and passing them off as being original from you.

Incremental Plagiarism

Uncredited quotations/paraphrases/ideas.

7 Elements of Communication Process

Source, Receiver, Message, Channel, Feedback, Situation, Noise.

Topical Order

Logical and consistent subtopics/themes.

Causal Order

Cause-effect order.

Hasty Generalization

Jumps to conclusion on the basis of too few facts.

False Cause

Not having the right cause

Invalid Analogy

When two cases are being compared that are not alike.

Bandwagon

Because something is popular it is therefore good

Red Herring

Introduces irrelevant topic to distract from subject under attention.

Basics of Visual Aid

Where listeners can see, do not pass visual aid around, display only when talking about them, explain visual aid clearly and concisely, talk to audience, not visual aid

Argument Construction

1. Create an Awareness of the problem/issue 2. Create an understanding of the issue/problem 3. Offer a solution/plan/action that would address the issue or solve the problem 4. Enactment get them to follow your goal.

Toulmin's Model of Argument

Claim, Data, Warrant.

5 Cannons of Rhetoric

Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, Delivery.

5 Factors in Analyzing Audience

Age, Religion, Racial, Ethnic, Cultural background, Gender identity/Sexual orientation, Group membership.

Types of Leadership

Implied, Emergent, Designated.

Dewey's Analytical Process

1. Define the problem 2. Analyze the problem 3. Establish criteria 4. Generate potential solutions 5. Select best solution.

list the 5 small group decision making strategies

consensus, compromise, voting, railroading, coalitions (agreeing on direction even though you disagree)

Be able to name the four types of speech delivery

memorized, impromptu, manuscript, extemporaneous

APA citation format

name, date, title, publisher