community blueprint

what is community-based nursing

caring for individuals, families, or groups where they live, work, or go to school

which form of care is setting specific: community health or community based nursing

community based nursing

who is the primary client for community based nursing

individual and family

what type of services are provided in community based nursing

direct services with an emphasis on managing acute and chronic illnesses

what is community health nursing

promotes and preserves the health of the whole population

who is the primary client in community health nursing

community

what type of services are provided in community health nursing

direct and indirect

what is primary prevention

health promotion and eliminating risk factors

what are examples of primary prevention

vaccines, seat belts

what is secondary prevention

early detection and intervention

what are examples of secondary prevention

screenings such as mammograms or STD testing

what is tertiary prevention

long term management and rehab

what are examples of tertiary prevention

physical therapy

what does the health belief model focus on

how the individual perceives their own health

is the health belief model a microscopic or macroscopic view

microscopic

what is a limitation of the health belief model

places all responsibility on the patient rather than examining the root cause

what is thinking upstream

examining the origin of the disease and focusing on preventing it rather than treating it

what does the web of causation depict

the complexity of relationships between different factors and how health is affected

what are the 3 components of the epidemiological triangle

host, agent, environment

what is the principal of the epidemiological triangle

if one factor is taken away, you eliminate transmission

what is the agent

etiological factor

what is an example of a nutritive agent

too much cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis, too little vitamin C leads to scurvy

what is an example of a chemical agent

vaping, asbestos

what is an example of a physical agent

repetitive motions causing carpal tunnel

what is an example of an infectious agent

bacteria, virus

what is the host

intrinsic factors such as genetics or age that affect ones susceptibility or response to an agent

what is the environment

extrinsic factors that influence the existence of the agent such as physical environment

what does the wheel model of human-environment interaction state

biological, social, and environmental factors all impact the host

person, place, and time model: person

who factors such as demographics and health

person, place, and time model: place

where factors such as geographic location and climate

person, place, and time model: time

when factors such as month or year

what is incidence

new cases

what is prevalence

total cases

what do descriptive epidemiological methods looks at

amount and distribution of health problems to identify a pattern

what do analytic models of epidemiology look at

focus on the cause of the disease

what is an observational study

no manipulation, just observation

what is a cross-sectional/correlational study

look at relationships between factors and outcomes

what is a retrospective study

compares a group with the disease to those without, goes back in time to see what happened

what is a prospective study

follows a group without the condition over time to see if they get the disease

what is an experimental study

randomized clinical trial to determine cause and effect

how does one complete a windshield survery

walk or drive around an area to make observations and identify possible areas of concern

what is vital statisitic

contains birth, death, marriage, divorce, and adoption records

what is census data

massive survey every 10 years that shows how an area has changed over time

what is the goal of the health planning model

improve aggregate health

what are the components of the health planning model

assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation

what is the goal of the PRECEDE-PROCEED framework

assess health and quality of life issues

P: PRECEDE-PROCEED

predisposing factors

what are predisposing factors

knowledge and behaviors that affect ones willingness to change

R: PRECEDE-PROCEED

reinforcing factors

what are reinforcing factors

positive or negative effects of adopting a new behavior

E: PRECEDE-PROCEED

enabling factors

what are enabling factors

an environment or community that facilitates or presents obstacles to change

PROCEED

policy, regulatory, organizational construct in educational and environmental development

what is the purpose of case management

collaborative care to manage healthcare and improve functioning for the client

what is primary care

first line/point of access care controlled by providers and focused on the individual

who has access to chronic care management

patients with 2 or more chronic conditions that put them at a high risk of functional decline or death within the next 12 months

what is transitional care

face-to-face visits and coordination of care services with clients following their discharge

what is the goal of transitional care

decrease re-hospitalizations

what is patient centered medical home care

uses case management to provide comprehensive, patient centered, and high quality primary care

how did the patient protection and affordable care act increase health care coverage

requires all citizens to have health care coverage and prohibiting insurance companies from denying coverage to those with pre-existing conditions

what age did the patient protection and affordable care act allow coverage-dependent adults to remain on their parent's health care

26

what is policy based on

values

what is the first step in shifting policy

identifying a problem

what is the focus of private healthcare

individuals

what is the goal of private health care

prevention and treatment of disease

what is central to public health care

economics

what is the goal of public health care

prevention of disease and promoting public health

who is the focus of the public health system

populations

who directs the public health system

federal government

what is the major finding of "to err is human"

medical errors are the fault of system errors not humans

what are the recommendations for reducing medical errors

accreditation, use of information technology such as EMR

what does accreditation do

assess and specify standards and quality of services

future of nursing report reccomendations

nurses should practice to full extent and pursue higher education, partner with other health professionals, and that data collection needs to be improved to make policy making more effective

what is the role of the agency for healthcare research and quality

federal organization to improve safety and quality of the healthcare system

what is a health disparity

difference in the presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to healthcare among different populations

responsibilities of the local health department

public health services, protection of citizens, monitoring health status and needs, control of disease and environmental services

how is medicare funded

federally through taxes

who qualifies for medicare

65 or older, disabled, ALS, or end stage renal disease

what does medicare part A cover

hospitalizations, some hospice and home health

what does medicare part B cover

durable medical equipment

what does medicare part C cover

gap coverage for dental, vision, and hearing

what does medicare part D cover

prescription drugs

who determines eligibility for medicaid

states

what is medicaid welfare coverage based on

size and income of family

what kind of clients is medicaid for

children and those in poverty (indigent)

what does medicaid cover

hospitalizations, vaccines, family planning, home health, labs

what is an indemnity plan

very expensive, but covers all cost of service and patient can choose any provider

what is an HMO plan

only covers necessary services, preventative care is covered while specialty care is restricted, lacks freedom of choice

which health plan requires a referral

HMO

what is a PPO plan

patient chooses health care from within their plans network of providers

what is a POS plan

pt pays upfront before insurance kicks in, if they go out of network they will cover a majority of the costs

what is an HDHO plant

lower premium, higher deductible, so pt ends up "shopping around" for the cheapest healthcare

are minority populations increasing for decreasing

increasing

what does the naturalistic perspective state

there must be a balance and when there is not illness arises

what is an example of the naturalistic perspective

yin-yang

what is the basis of the magico-religious perspective

spiritual and supernatural realm

what is an example of the magico-religious perspective

voodoo and witchcraft

what is the basis of the biomedical perspective

cause and effect, body functions mechanically, all things can be measured and observed

what are the components of leiningers theory of culture care diversity and universality

culture care preservation and maintenance, accommodation and negotiation, repatterining and restructuring

what is the following an example of: pt is about to pass and one of their desires is to open the window, so the nurse agrees to open the window

culture care preservation and maintenance