Olfaction: Understanding the Sense of Smell

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding the sense of smell, including definitions, anatomy of the olfactory system, olfactory perception theories, and individual differences in olfactory processing.

What is the definition of olfaction?

The sense of smell.

What is an odor?

The translation of a chemical stimulus into a smell sensation.

What is an odorant?

A molecule with physiochemical characteristics capable of being perceived as smell.

What are the properties required for an odorant to be smelled?

Odorants must be volatile, small, and hydrophobic.

What is the primary function of the human nose?

To filter, warm, and humidify air.

What is the olfactory cleft?

A narrow space at the back of the nose where the main olfactory epithelium is located.

What are the three types of cells found in the olfactory epithelium?

Supporting cells, basal cells, and olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs).

What do cilia on OSNs contain?

Receptor sites for odorant molecules.

What is the primary olfactory cortex?

The neural area where olfactory information is first processed.

What is the shape-pattern theory of olfactory perception?

The theory that specific odors are perceived based on the fit between the odorant's shape and the receptor shape.

What is anosmia?

The total inability to smell, often caused by sinus illness or head trauma.

What impact do pheromones have on social insects?

They trigger physiological or behavioral responses in other members of the same species.

What is the McClintock effect?

The phenomenon where women living in close proximity synchronize their menstrual cycles.

How are olfaction and memory related?

Memories evoked by odors are often more emotional than those from other senses.

What affects individual differences in olfactory detection thresholds?

Factors like gender, age, and professional training influence olfactory sensitivity.

How do chemicals influence behavior in humans?

Chemosignals can affect mood, behavior, hormonal status, and sexual arousal.