bones of the lower limb

(+some muscles)

what are the bones of the lower limb?

• hip bone

• femur

• tibia (medial and bigger) 

• fibula (lateral and thinner) 

• tarsals (ankle bones) 

• metatarsals (mid foot bones) 

• phalanges 

the hip bone is composed of three parts, what are those parts?

• the ilium, ischium and pubis 

what is the obturator foramen 

the hole of the hip bone 

what are the surfaces of the hip bone 

medial / internal and lateral / external instead of posterior and anterior 

where is the acetabular fossa? 

what type of joint is the hip joint 

multiaxial so it is a ball and socket joint 

is the hip joint a synovial joint, if yes or no, why?

it is as it is freely moveable and has a synovial cavity, capsule, and fluid

what are the three axes of the hip joint and what movements do they allow?

• sagittal axis ; abduction and adduction

• longitudinal (vertical) axis ; medial (internal) and lateral (external) rotation

• transverse axis ; flexion and extension

because the hip joint has three axes, what specific movement does it allow? 

circumduction → a combination of all movements in a cone like motion 

to be anatomically correct what position must the acetubular fossa always be in? 

laterally always 

what are the spines of the hip bone (4) 

• anterior superior iliac spine 

• anterior inferior iliac spine 

• posterior inferior iliac spine 

• posterior superior iliac spine 

a muscle associated with the hip bone is the sartorius what is its origin and insertion? 

origin; anterior superior iliac spine 

insertion; medial surface of tibia

something about the rectus femoris 

something about the greater sciatic notch and greater sciatic nerve

something about sciatic nerves and blood vessels

something about the lesser sciatic notch probs where it is

what structure separates the greater sciatic notch and the lesser sciatic notch (question that likes to be asked in the exam) 

the ischial spine 

where is the ischial tuberosity