RxPrep Infectious Diseases I - Background

communicable, contagious

Transmissible diseases that are spread from person to person are referred to as ________ or ________.

bug, drug, patient

What 3 primary factors impact treatment decisions in infectious diseases?

elevated WBC count, fever

What 2 signs/symptoms indicate the presence of an infection?

ability to penetrate infection site, community/hospital-acquired, guidelines, infection site, likely organism, patient characteristics, severity, spectrum of activity

What 8 things does antibiotic selection depend on?

age,

allergies,

body weight,

colonization,

comorbid conditions,

hepatic/renal function,

recent antibiotic use

What are 7 patient characteristics that antibiotic selection is based on?

CDC, IDSA

What are 2 guidelines used to aid in antibiotic selection?

E. coli,

group B strep,

listeria,

H. flu,

N. meningitidis,

Strep pneumo

What are 6 common bacterial pathogens present in the CNS/meningitis?

a) E. coli

b) group B strep

d) listeria

Which of the following are common bacterial pathogens present in the CNS/meningitis in young patients? (select all that apply)

a) E. coli

b) group B strep

c) H. flu

d) listeria

e) N. meningitidis

f) Strep pneumo

d) listeria

Which of the following is a common bacterial pathogen present in the CNS/meningitis in older patients?

a) E. coli

b) group B strep

c) H. flu

d) listeria

e) N. meningitidis

f) Strep pneumo

H. flu,

M. catarrhalis,

Strep pneumo,

Strep pyogenes

What are 4 common bacterial pathogens present in the upper respiratory tract?

(staph, strep, entero )

enterococci,

Staph aureus (including MRSA),

Staph epidermidis,

streptococci

What are 4 common bacterial pathogens present in the heart/endocarditis?

gram-negative rods,

Pasteurella multocida,

Staph aureus,

Staph epidermidis,

Strep pyogenes

What are 5 common bacterial pathogens present in the skin/soft tissue?

gram-negative rods,

N. gonorrhoeae,

Staph aureus,

Staph epidermidis,

streptococci

What are 5 common bacterial pathogens present in the bones/joints?

anaerobic gram-negative rods,

mouth flora,

Viridans strep

What are 3 common bacterial pathogens present in the mouth?

Peptostreptococcus

What is an example of mouth flora?

Prevotella

What is an example of an anaerobic gram-negative rod?

enteric gram-negative rods,

Chlamydophila,

H. flu,

Legionella,

Mycoplasma,

Strep pneumo

What are 6 common bacterial pathogens present in the lower respiratory tract (community-acquired)?

enteric gram negative rods

A. baumannii,

PsAr

Staph aureus (including MRSA),

Strep pneumo

What are 5 common bacterial pathogens present in the lower respiratory tract (hospital-acquired)?

enteric gram-negative rods

Bacteroides,

enterococci,

streptococci

What are 4 common bacterial pathogens present in the intra-abdominal cavity?

E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus (PEK),

Staph saprophyticus

enterococci

What are 5 common bacterial pathogens present in the urinary tract?

empiric

treatment started while awaiting gram stain/culture/susceptibility results/before the pathogen is identified

broad

Empiric treatment is usually (broad/narrow)-spectrum.

antibiogram

report at a single institution that shows susceptibility patterns and can be used to monitor resistance trends over time

antibiogram

What is something that can be used to guide empiric treatment?

morphology

A gram stain of an infected fluid or tissue sample categorizes the organism by ________.

shape

Morphology categorizes pathogens by ________.

gram stain

test that provides quick, preliminary results but doesn't identify the exact organism

thick

Gram-positive organisms have a (thick/thin) cell wall.

purple; crystal violet

Gram-positive organisms stain (purple/pink) from the (crystal violet/safranin) stain in a gram stain.

pink; safranin

Gram-negative organisms stain (purple/pink) from the (crystal violet/safranin) stain in a gram stain.

thin

Gram-negative organisms have a (thick/thin) cell wall.

atypical

What type of organisms don't have a cell wall and don't gram stain well?

positive

Staphylococcus is gram-(negative/positive).

diplococci

What shape is Strep pneumo?

positive

Streptococcus is gram-(negative/positive).

positive

Enterococcus is gram-(negative/positive).

positive

Listeria monocytogenes is gram-(negative/positive).

positive

Corynebacterium is gram-(negative/positive).

positive

Peptostreptococcus is gram-(negative/positive).

positive

Propionibacterium acnes is gram-(negative/positive).

positive

C. diff is gram-(negative/positive).

positive

Clostridium is gram-(negative/positive).

cocci cluster

What shape is Staphylococcus?

cocci chain

What shape is Streptococcus?

diplococci

What shape is Strep pneumo?

bacillus

What shape is Listeria monocytogenes?

bacillus

What shape is Corynebacterium?

coccus

refers to sphere-shaped bacteria

bacillus

refers to rod-shaped bacteria

Chlamydia,

Legionella,

Mycobacterium tuberculosis,

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

What are 4 examples of atypical bacteria that don't gram stain well?

diplococci

refers to cocci in pairs

negative

Neisseria is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Proteus mirabilis is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Escherichia coli is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Klebsiella is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Serratia is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Enterobacter cloacae is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Citrobacter is gram-(negative/positive).

Citrobacter,

E. coli,

Enterobacter cloacae,

Klebsiella,

Proteus mirabilis,

Serratia

(PEK-CES)

What are 6 examples of gram-negative rods that colonize the gut?

negative

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Haemophilus influenzae is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Providencia is gram-(negative/positive).

H. flu,

P. aeruginosa,

Providencia

What are 3 gram-negative rods that don't colonize the gut?

negative

Acinetobacter baumannii is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Bordetella pertussis is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Moraxella catarrhalis is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Bacteroides fragilis is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Prevotella is gram-(negative/positive).

cocci

What shape is Neisseria?

bacillus

What shape is Proteus mirabilis?

bacillus

What shape is Escherichia coli?

bacillus

What shape is Klebsiella?

bacillus

What shape is Serratia?

bacillus

What shape is Enterobacter cloacae?

bacillus

What shape is Citrobacter?

bacillus

What shape is Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

bacillus

What shape is Haemophilus influenzae?

bacillus

What shape is Providencia?

coccobacilli

What shape is Acinetobacter baumannii?

coccobacilli

What shape is Bordetella pertussis?

coccobacilli

What shape is Moraxella catarrhalis?

negative

H. pylori is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Campylobacter is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Treponema is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Borrelia is gram-(negative/positive).

negative

Leptospira is gram-(negative/positive).

spirilli

refers to spiral shaped bacteria

spirilli

What shape is H. pylori?

spirilli

What shape is Campylobacter?

spirilli

What shape is Treponema?

spirilli

What shape is Borrelia?

spirilli

What shape is Leptospira?

methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

What does MSSA stand for?

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

What does MRSA stand for?

vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus

What does VRE stand for?

Proteus; E. coli; Klebsiella

What does PEK stand for?

Haemophilus; Neisseria; Proteus; E. coli; Klebsiella

What does HNPEK stand for?

Citrobacter; Acinetobacter; Providencia; Enterobacter; Serratia

What does CAPES stand for?

positive; negative

Staph aureus is coagulase-(negative/positive) while other Staph species are sometimes referred to as coagulase-(negative/positive).

minimum inhibitory concentration

What does MIC stand for?