HBS Final KC

Aliment-

food, nutrient

Chym-

digested food

gastr-

stomach

Peri-

around

Rect-

rectum

Agglutin-

to glue together

Bil-

Bilirubin

\-crit

to seperate

eryth-

red

hema-

blood

angio-

vessel

arther-

porridge

diastol-

dilation

edem-

swelling

systol-

contraction

alveol-

small cavity

bronch-

windpipe

carcin-

spreading sore

epi-

upon

Inhal-

to breathe in

hyper-

above normal

hypo-

below normal

med-

medical

para-

beside

\-tropic

turned to

vas-

vessel

andr-

man

contra-

against

Ejacul-

to shoot forth

Fimb-

fringe

follic-

small bag

Germ-

virus

gubern-

to steer

mamm-

breast

Mens-

month

Puber-

adult

Cleav-

to divide

Morul-

mulberry

Nat-

to be born

umbil-

navel

mast-

breast

Gall Bladder

stores bile

Large Intestine

absorbs water and vitamins into bloodstream

Small Intestine

helps to further digest food coming from the stomach

Stomach

Breaks down and digests food

Esophagus

smooth muscle that connects pharynx to stomach. Moves food down to the stomach

Pepsin

An enzyme that breaks down proteins

Lactase

digests lactose

amylase

digests starch, found in salivary glands

lipase

breaks down fats

bile

aids in digestion and emulsification of fat

Mastication

The chewing and crushing of food

Malabsorption

a condition that prevents absorption of nutrients in the small intestine

Lactose Intolerance

The lack of ability to digest lactose

Digestion

breaking down food into very small molecules

Absorption

absorbing the small molecules into our bloodstream

erythrocytes

red blood cells

leukocytes

white blood cells

plasma

clear, straw colored liquid part of blood

platelets

fragments of megakaryocytes

pericardium

coverings of the heart

myocardium

thick muscle tissue of the heart

tricuspid valve

between the right atrium and the right ventricle

bicuspid valve

between the left atrium and the left ventricle

pulmonary semi-lunar valve

between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries

right atrium

first chamber on the top

right ventricle

first bottom chamber

left atrium

second top chamber

left ventricle

second bottom chamber

aortic semilunar

between left ventricle and aorta

arteries

thick strong walls with three specific layers

veins

thinner walls than the arteries but with similar layers

capillaries

single layer of squamous epithelium

Internal respiration

exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells

external respiration

exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood

respiratory membrane

the surface where gas exchange between the alveoli and blood occurs in the lungs

cellular respiration

body cells take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide

Inspiration

Inhaling

expiration

exhaling

trachea

windpipe

Bronchioles

a tiny branch of air tubes in the lungs

alveoli

tiny air sacs in the lungs

visceral pleura

membrane attached to surface of lungs

adrenal glands

makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline

thyroid glands

It plays a major role in the metabolism, growth and development of the human body

ovaries

primary female sex organs, produce sex cells and hormones

hypothalamus

releases GnRH

anterior pituitary

releases FSH and LH

GnRH

causes the pituitary gland in the brain to make and secrete the hormones LH and FSH

FSH

stimulates spermatogenesis and controls the menstrual cycle

Type I diabetes

the body does not make insulin because the body’s immune system attacks the pancreas

Type II diabetes

makes less insulin, body becomes resistant to it

testes

produce sperm cells and male sex hormones

epididymis

tube on the outside of testis that stores immature sperm

scrotum

pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue that encloses the testes

vas deferens

transports sperm to ejaculatory duct

prostate

secretes alkaline fluid containing nutrients to help neutralize acids

Uterine tubes

conveys egg towards uterus

uterus

receives embryo and sustains it

vagina

connects uterus to vestibule, receives penis, conveys uterine secretions, channel for fetus