Cell organelle tingz

toy sachs disease

genetic disorder: rare disease where children lack a vital enzyme that breaks down fatty acid materials

-lysosomal disorder

-harmful amount of lipids build up in tissues and nerve cells of the brain

-both parents must be carriers to result as alack of an enzyme

lysosomes

-have enzymes that digest different molecules

-digests intercellular waste

lysosomes are missing or faulty—》

《—lysosomal storage disease

-lysosome swells and crowds other organelles of the cell

i.e garbage man doesn’t come a the can overlfows

lipids

fats

dominant traits

traits are obvious, showing

recessive traits

traits are less expressed

mitochondria structure

cristae-inner membrane that folds inward

matrix-inner fluid

2 membranes

mitochondrial DNA only comes from the mother

mitochondria function

-takes energy from carbohydrates and converts it to useable energy for the cell

-makes useable energy through cellular respiration

-makes adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Cellular respiration

C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ → CO₂ H₂O + ATP(energy)

chemical energy in carbohydrates are converted into ATP

ATP is often the form of energy in cells

plasma membrane

-regulates what enters and exits the cell

-separates the living contents of the cell from the external non-living environment

-protects the cell

plasma membrane structure

-integral and peripheral protein molecules are imbedded

-carbohydrate chains are attached to proteins

-phospholipid bilayer

phospholipid

hydrophilic head

hydrophobic tails

Nucleus func.

-store genetic information

-determines sequence of amino acids when protein is made

-stores chromatin (proteins and DNA) in the nucleoplasm（semi liquid）

nucleolus

-darker region in the nucleus

-produces ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

-where rRNA joins w/ protiens to form subunits of the ribosome

ribosome

-site of protein synthesis

Nucleus structure

-nuclear envelope- double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

-outer membrane is continuous w/ the endoplasmic reticulum

-has nuclear pores that allow some proteins INTO and OUT OF the nucleus

cholesterol

stiffens and gives structure to the membrane

oxytocin

-“love“ hormone

-released in the positive feedback loop

-i.e child birth, lactation

rough ER

-continuous with the nuclear envelope

-ribosomes attached to it

-transports and synthesizes proteins

cytoplasm

holds organelles in place

vacuoles

stores H₂O and waste

golgi body

packages, sorts, modifies proteins

ribosomes

main site of protein synthesis

smooth ER

make hormones and lipids

foreground

smooth ER

background

rough ER

vesicles

-transportation for protein for the golgi body

-like a dispatch centre

glycolipid

lipids with a carbohydrate attatched to it

glycoprotein

proteins with sugar chains

protein channel

allows water and certain ions to enter

cell theory

1. all organisms are composed of one or more cells

2. cells are the basic living unit of structure and function

3. all cells come from pre-existing cells