homologus series : alkanes and alkenes

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14 Terms

1
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What are alkanes and alkenes ?

They are hydrocarbons that are 2 examples of homologous series of compounds

2
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What happens in a homologous series ?

  • the hydrocarbons share the same general formula

  • each molecule differs by CH(lil2) from it’s neighbouring (successive) molecule

  • have similar chemical properties

  • show gradual variation (trends) in physical properties

3
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Give the general formula of an alkane ? Think chemically and mathematically

chemically - CnH2n+2

mathematically - CxHy=2x+2

4
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Explain what an alkane is ?

Alkanes are molecules ending in “ane” - they only have single bonds which means they are saturated.

5
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What does it mean if a molecule is saturated ?

it means they are full and there are no double bonds present

6
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What is the formula, structure, formula Mass and boiling point for METHANE ?

FORMULA: CH(lil4)

STRUCTURE: look at image

FORMULA MASS: 16

BOILING POINT: -164

<p>FORMULA: CH(lil4)</p><p>STRUCTURE: look at image</p><p>FORMULA MASS: 16</p><p>BOILING POINT: -164</p>
7
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What is the formula, structure, formula Mass and boiling point for ETHANE ?

FORMULA: C(lil2)H(lil6)

STRUCTURE: look at image

FORMULA MASS: 30

BOILING POINT: -88

<p>FORMULA: C(lil2)H(lil6)</p><p>STRUCTURE: look at image</p><p>FORMULA MASS: 30</p><p>BOILING POINT: -88</p>
8
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What is the formula, structure, formula Mass and boiling point for PROPANE ?

FORMULA: C(lil3)H(lil8)

STRUCTURE: look at image

FORMULA MASS: 44

BOILING POINT: -42

<p>FORMULA: C(lil3)H(lil8) </p><p>STRUCTURE: look at image </p><p>FORMULA MASS: 44 </p><p>BOILING POINT: -42 </p>
9
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What is the formula, structure, formula Mass and boiling point for BUTANE ?

FORMULA: C(lil4)H(lil10)

STRUCTURE: look at image

FORMILA MASS: 58

BOILING POINT: 0

<p>FORMULA: C(lil4)H(lil10)</p><p>STRUCTURE: look at image</p><p>FORMILA MASS: 58</p><p>BOILING POINT: 0</p>
10
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Explain what an alkene is ?

They are molecules ending in “ene” and they have 1 double bond between carbons and are unsaturated

11
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Give the general formula for an alkene ? Think chemically and mathematically

chemically - CnH2n

mathematically - CxHy=2x

12
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What is cracking ?

it is where we take longer less useful chains and we split them into shorter more useful chains and alkenes which are in higher demand

13
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What do we use short chain products for ?

they are generally used in fuels and the alkenes (unsaturated molecules) used to make polymers

14
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Why is cracking necessary ?

  • General the demand for certain fractions outstrips the supply so this is why cracking is necessary to convert surplus unwanted fractions into more useful ones

  • This is mostly larger, heavier fractions that are cracked into smaller lighter fractions