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Where was the focus of Progressive politics?

in the cities

Which of the following statements about mass consumption in the early twentieth century is true?

The promise of mass consumption became the foundation for a new understanding of freedom.

How did American racial attitudes shape South African politics?

The Union of South Africa followed the model of U.S. segregation with its own system of apartheid.

The Social Gospel

was an effort to expand the appeal of the Protestant Church into poor neighborhoods.

Which statement about the disenfranchisement of Blacks in the South is correct?

White leaders presented disenfranchisement as a "good government" measure.

The Haymarket Affair led to the decline of which group?

Knights of Labor

Which of the following describes an effect of U.S. Chinese exclusion policies of the late nineteenth century?

In protest, some Chinese refused to carry required identification papers

Which statement best describes the U.S. government during the Gilded Age?

The federal government remained relatively small, while state and local government expanded in scope.

Right after the Spanish-American War, what did proponents of American imperialism use to justify their arguments?

American empire helped facilitate "the progress of civilization."

Theodore Roosevelt wanted immigrants to "Americanize." How were they supposed to do it?

by abandoning the culture and customs of their home country

Southern "demagogues"

mobilized white voters using extreme appeals to racism.

What explains the appeal of the Lost Cause mythology for Southern whites in the late nineteenth century?

It allowed southern governments to preserve white supremacy while coping with defeat.

The "living wage" and the "American standard of living" were an outgrowth of

a mature consumer economy.

Which of these wealthy men was an immigrant who helped spark the second industrial revolution?

Andrew Carnegie

What did Social Darwinists believe?

They believed that human progress was a natural process and, therefore, the government should not interfere with it.

The "robber barons" of the Gilded Age were

typically unscrupulous, dictatorial, and unfriendly toward labor.

Why were many Americans drawn to the Socialist Party in the election of 1912?

The party's proposal to nationalize railroads and banks, and to provide unemployment relief, expressed popular Progressive thought.

President Grant's "Peace Policy"

in some ways paralleled southern Reconstruction.

What made farm life difficult in the Great Plains region during the late nineteenth century?

On remote homesteads, farm families suffered from loneliness and isolation.

Which statement is true of urban workers in the 1890s?

Populist speeches failed to resonate with them.

What did the term "white man's burden" mean?

Domination of non-whites by white people was necessary for the progress of civilization.

Which of the following statements about urban Progressives is true?

They sought to improve public transportation.

The "Bible Belt" refers to

a part of the South where whites embraced the federal regulation of individual "sinful" behavior.

How did John D. Rockefeller use horizontal expansion?

He bought out competing oil-refining companies.

The "Wild West," as represented in vaudeville performance tours, Hollywood films, and dime novels,

was a mythic fantasy that romanticized and simplified the region.

President Roosevelt's "Square Deal"

distinguished between good and bad corporations.

Which statement was true of the United States at the dawn of the twentieth century?

Its economy was under the control of giant corporations.

How did the federal government transform the culture and lifestyle of Plains Indians between 1870 and 1900?

It forced Indian children to adopt new "white" names, clothing, and customs.

In what way was William Howard Taft a Progressive president?

He initiated the trust-busting of Standard Oil.

What did Booker T. Washington's Tuskegee Institute emphasize?

vocational job education

Populists intended to do which of the following?

restore economic opportunity

Theodore Roosevelt wanted immigrants to "Americanize". How were they supposed to do it?

By abandoning the culture and the customs of their home country.

Which statement about the disenfranchisement of blacks in the south is correct?

White leaders presented disenfranchisement as a "good government" measure.

Why did President Taft fire Gifford Pinchot?

Pinchot accused the Taft administration of colluding with corporations to hurt the environment.

What did the term "white man's burden" mean?

Domination of non-whites by white people was necessary for the progress of civilization.

Which of the following statements describes settlement and development of the American West most accurately?

The federal government actively acquired Indian territories, distributed land to companies, and helped to open large areas to commercial farming.

Which of the following properly assesses the significance of the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890?

The law established a precedent that the national government could regulate the economy in the interest of the public good.

Which of the following did the Open Door policy most exemplify?

the United States' pursuit of markets and investment opportunities

Which statement best describes a major difference between the North and the South during the Populist era?

The North held more capital and provided more manufactured goods.

President William McKinley justified U.S. annexation of the Philippines on which of the following grounds?

The United States needed to Christianize the Filipinos.

Economic and population growth translated into the rise of new products like Ivory Soap and Quaker Oats. What did these two items have in common?

They represented the integration of the economy due to the expansion of the railroad network.

In "The Souls of Black Folk," W. E. B. DuBois argues that Blacks brought three gifts to America. What are the "gifts" he is referring to?

song, sweat, and spirit

Which of the following statements accurately assesses the significance of wage labor in America during the Gilded Age?

More and more Americans experienced wage labor as a permanent condition on the edge of poverty.

What strategies did corporations use to avoid competition in the 1880s and 1890s?

Large companies absorbed or bought out smaller ones.

The Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

argued that segregated facilities did not discriminate.

Collective bargaining

led to improved factory safety and pension plans.

Which statement about the textile strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts, in 1912 is correct?

Children of the striking workers publicly marched up New York's Fifth Avenue.

The Mann Act of 1910 is an example of which development in the early 1900s?

moral reform

What was the aim of boarding schools for Indians?

to civilize the Indians through forced assimilation

The Knights of Labor

was an inclusive group that called for an array of reforms including the eight-hour workday.

In which of the following ways were the boundaries of freedom redrawn in the United States during the nineteenth century?

Several states adopted literacy and residency requirements in order to restrict immigrant voting.

The labor movement of the 1880s

fought for the eight-hour workday and currency reform.

Which of the following was true of Republicans during the Gilded Age?

They supported a high tariff to protect American industry.

Theodore Roosevelt wanted immigrants to "Americanize." How were they supposed to do it?

by abandoning the culture and customs of their home country

Which statement best describes the debate over coinage during the Populist era?

Populists did not want their broad program reduced to the slogan of "free silver."

What was the Ghost Dance movement?

It was a traditional religious revival that brought solace to the Native Americans who participated in it but made the government fear the possibility of an uprising.

Where is Ellis Island located?

New York

What made Eugene Debs a successful leader?

He unified a diverse group of people for the socialist cause.

The Triangle Shirtwaist fire

led to legislation aimed at improving factory safety standards.

With the Redeemers in power in the South,

convict labor became a profitable venture for lumber companies.

The "living wage" and the "American standard of living" were an outgrowth of

a mature consumer economy.

Most immigrants who arrived in America sought "freedom" because

they wanted to exchange poverty for economic opportunity.

What term best describes the status of Blacks brought about by a segregated South?

subservient

Crédit Mobilier and the Whiskey Ring

illustrated corruption under President Grant.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the significance of the 1892 strike in Homestead, Pennsylvania?

It reflected the belief of many working Americans that they were being denied economic independence and self-governance.

The "robber barons" of the Gilded Age were

typically unscrupulous, dictatorial, and unfriendly toward labor.

The writer whose work encouraged the passage of the Meat Inspection Act was

Upton Sinclair.

Who voiced anti-imperialist sentiments?

novelists William Dean Howells and Mark Twain

In the 1890s, the National American Woman Suffrage Association

made its peace with nativism and racism.

The "Wild West," as represented in vaudeville performance tours, Hollywood films, and dime novels,

was a mythic fantasy that romanticized and simplified the region.

The "Bible Belt" refers to

a part of the South where whites embraced the federal regulation of individual "sinful" behavior.

Which statement about the Spanish-American War is true?

The war lasted only four months and resulted in fewer than 400 U.S. battle casualties.

William Cody, popularly known as "Buffalo Bill,"

popularized the image of the West as being both wild and romantic with his "Wild West" shows.

Apart from the racial identity of victims, what typically triggered the lynch violence of southern white mobs?

the victim's alleged sexual conduct

Which of the following statements about nineteenth-century Chinese immigrants to the United States is accurate?

By 1880, the majority of Chinese immigrants lived in California, where many worked on farms, but they also lived elsewhere and performed other jobs.

Which statement is true of the men who worked in the corporate west?

Wage workers largely replaced independent miners after 1848.

Why was William Tweed so popular with New York's immigrant poor?

He had provided food, fuel, and patronage to them in exchange for their votes.

Southern "demagogues"

mobilized white voters using extreme appeals to racism.

What was California's approach to racial segregation during the Populist era?

Mexicans were often barred from restaurants and entertainment venues.

According to Alfred T. Mahan, the United States needed to do what in order to prosper?

increase the size of its navy

The Grange was an organization that

established cooperatives for storing and marketing farm output.

How did southern states disenfranchise African Americans between 1890 and 1906?

by using the grandfather clause, the poll tax, and literacy tests

Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between the government and the economy in the Gilded Age?

Politicians of both major parties favored business and banks and supported a reduction in the money supply and a return to the gold standard.

Newspapers like the New York Journal and the New York World used sensational accounts to sell more copies. These types of papers were known as

the "yellow press."

In her lecture "Lynch Law in all its Phases," Wells denounced the stance of the government in relation to the lynchings that were taking place in the South. What, according to her, was the government doing wrong?

allowing the mobs to lynch Black people without punishment

What is true of McClure's Magazine?

It ran stories by muckraking journalists.

In United States v. Wong Kim Ark, the Supreme Court ruled that Asian descendants born on U.S. soil became U.S. citizens at birth. In what regulation did they base this decision?

Fourteenth Amendment

What was California's approach to racial segregation during the Populist era?

Mexicans were often barred from restaurants and entertainment venues.

After 1900, the campaign for women's suffrage

included both middle- and working-class women.

What did passage of the Seventeenth Amendment entail?

U.S. senators were now chosen by popular vote.

What did Booker T. Washington's Tuskegee Institute emphasize?

vocational job education

Which of the following movements most influenced William Jennings Bryan?

Social Gospel

How did the displacement of Native peoples in Australia differ from the experience of Indians in the American West?

Government policy orchestrated the removal of Aboriginal children from their homes for official adoption by whites.

Why did Populists call for public ownership of the railroads?

because farmers would be able to transport their crops at a lower cost

Why did Carlos Montezuma call for the abolition of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1916?

The bureau had failed to secure Indian self-determination.

About which of the following did Ida Tarbell write an investigative journalistic story?

Standard Oil

In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis

focused on the wretched conditions of New York slums

The founder of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), Samuel Gompers, used the idea of "freedom of contract" to

argue against interference by judges with workers' right to organize unions.

Which statement about the 1896 election is correct?

The election is considered the first modern presidential campaign.

Southern "demagogues"

mobilized white voters using extreme appeals to racism.