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Social values
a group’s expectations from its people (people in the US vs people in Asia)
roles and status
differences in how people contribute to society (women in the middle east vs women in the U.S.)
Decision-making customs
differences in the length of time spent to come up with a decision
concepts of time
differences in the value of time (just in time vs ahead of time vs right on time)
personal space
differences in proximity when communicating (how close you would be to a partner when talking vs a stranger)
cultural context
differences in how meaning is conveyed hihg-context vs low-context
high context
communication relies heavily on non-verbal contextual and shared cultural meanings (like how in japan you dont say ‘arigato’ when being complimented as this can be seen as arrogance and instead try to deny the compliment’s validity)
low context
meaning is conveyed exlcusive of the context of a situation. meaning depends on the literal meaning of what is said instead of how it is said
behavior and manners
differences in what is rude/polite
gestures and body language
differences in non-verbal meanings (like the meaning of a thumbs-up)
legal and ethical
differences in the laws of the land in a society (the legal drinking age in england is 16 and in the philippines its 21)
corporate cultural differences
differences between companies
development of cultural sensitivity
denial → defense → minimization → acceptance → adaptation → integration
