World History--- Spreading the Enlightenment

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semester 2

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43 Terms

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Why will ideas spread throughout Europe?
@@books@@ and ==pamphlets==---very inexpensive, rapidly published and distributed, written during enlightenment
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What did people realize was important to have a just society?
reform
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Why will censorship start to rise?
Old Order
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Censorship the most resistant areas. Why did people not want to cover up?
God established it so they believe it shoulden’t change
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censorship
restricting of ideas or information
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What happened after censorship was put in place?
\-banned and burned books

\-imprisoned writers

\-possible death of the writer
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What did writers start to use to deal with censorship and get around it?
pseudonyms
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pseudonyms
false/fake name
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What did Voltaire write?
Candide
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What was Candide about?
hero searches for the best government and finds corrupt and hypocrisy
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salons
informal social gatherings where people would discuss Enlightenment ideas with writers, artists, philosophers, etc.
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Where did salons origonate?
Paris
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What did salons start as?
Nobel women gathering for poetry reading then turned to discussing ideas
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Madame Geoffrin
hosted one of the most respected salon; she put the best minds together; Diderot and Mozart
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Madame Pompadour
famous salon host; great guests b/c mistress of Louis XV; people wanted to be there to get closer with the King
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At salons who did the common people interact with?
middle class--- started to see beginnings of order
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What formed from the middle class?
capitalism
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Who was the King when the Enlightenment began?
Louis XIV (14)
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Baroque
\-art and architecture was either of the Greek and roman or a grand style

\-ornate, colorful, typically large

\-typically glorified battles or the lives as Saints
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Which King led a less formal lifestyle?
Louis XV (15)
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Rococo
\-artists began to reflect change of a less formal lifestyle by developing this

\-moved away from religion with a lighter, elegant but charming style
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Enlightenment led to formation of new music written by composers and musicians. What types of music developed?
classical music and opera
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Opera
plays set to music; performed in royal courts; the house sprang from Italy to England
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What were the middle class able to do because of the spread of Opera in the 1700s?
they were able to @@commission musicians@@ and @@afford@@ it
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Johannes-Sebastian Bach
\-@@German Lutheran@@

\-religious music for @@organs@@ and @@choirs@@

\-sonatas for @@violin@@ and @@harpsichord@@
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sonatas
an instrumental composition, usually in 3 or more movements for piano alone
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harpsichord
keyboard instrumental whose springs are plucked by means of quills and plectrums
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George Fredric Handel
\-@@German composer@@

\-wrote for @@King George I@@

\-known for the @@Messiah@@
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Franz Joseph Haydn
\-developed forms of @@classical music@@ for @@string a@@nd s@@ymphonies@@
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
\-@@child prodigy@@

\-@@composer@@ and @@reformer@@

\-created @@operas,@@ @@symphonies@@, and @@religious music@@
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By the 1700s literature developed new forms of writing. What is it called?
novels
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What were novels?
long works of prose (doesn’t rhyme) fiction
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What did Daniel Defoe write?
Robinson Cruose
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What was Robinson Cruose about?
a sailor who shipwrecked on a tropical island
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What did Johnathan Swift write?
Gulliver’s Travels
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What was Gulliver’s Travels about?
2 kingdoms discussed in Gulliver’s Travels were intended as, and understood to be, satirical portraits of the kingdom of Great Britain and kingdom of France, respectively, as they were in early 18th century
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Who tried to convince monarchs to make reforms?
Philosophes
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Enlightened despots
some monarchs accepted enlightenment ideas while others practiced absolutism, but also enlightenment ideas
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Frederick II
\-aka Frederick the Great

\-@@king of Prussia@@

a) tightly controlled @@subjects@@

b) saw himself as a @@servant to the state@@

c) praised @@Voltaire@@

d) enacted @@reforms@@

i) ended @@torture@@

ii) allowed @@freedom of the pres@@s

iii) simplified law

iv) religious tolerance
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Catherine the Great
\-@@empress of Russia@@

a) read works of @@Diderot and Voltaire@@

b) believed in enlightenment ideas of @@equality@@ and @@freedom@@

c) employed @@limited reforms@@

i) abolished @@torture@@

ii) established @@religious tolerance@@

iii) granted nobles rights---@@criticized serfdom@@

iv) didn’t give up @@power@@
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Maria Theresa
\-@@Hapsburg Dynasty@@ and @@ruler of Austria@@

\-empress

\-@@believed@@ in @@enlightenment ideas@@ but @@didn’t push reforms@@
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Joseph II
\-Son and successor of @@Maria Theresa@@

\-@@Hapsburg emperor@@

\-instituted numerous @@reforms@@

a) @@modernized@@ @@government@@

b) @@religious freedom@@

c) @@freedom of the pres@@s

d) @@abolished serfdom@@
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Most Europeans weren’t directly impacted from the English. Slowly however, Enlightenment crept into lives as the following took place…
a) ending of serfdom

b) political upheaval

c) war

d) economic conditions