AHS1110_9_Urinary System

-cele

hernia, tumor, swelling

-lysis

breaking down, destruction

-pexy

surgical fixation

-tripsy

crushing

-uria

urination, urine

cyst/o

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid

glomerul/o

glomeruli

lith/o

stone, calculus

nephr/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis

ren/o

kidney

ur/o, urin/o

urine, urinary tract

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

vesic/o

urinary bladder

acute renal failure (ARF)

sudden onset of kidney failure

anuria

absence of urine formation by the kidneys

catheterization

insertion of a tube into the bladder to procure a sterile specimen or drain urine

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

progressive loss of renal function over months or years

cystalgia

pain in the bladder

cystectomy

surgical removal of all or part of the bladder

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder

cystocele

hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

cystoscopy

visual examination of the urinary bladder

dialysis

procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients with kidney failure

diuresis

increased output of urine

diuretic

medication administered to increase urine secretion

dysuria

difficult or painful urination

enuresis

involuntary discharge of urine

epispadias

congenital abnormality of the urethral opening on upper surface of penis in males or near clitoris in females

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

use of ultrasound waves to break up stones

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli causing red blood cells and protein to leak into urine

hemodialysis

procedure in which waste products are filtered directly from patient's blood

hydronephrosis

dilation of one or both kidneys

hydroureter

distention of ureter with urine

hyperproteinuria

abnormally high concentrations of protein in urine

hypoproteinemia

abnormally low concentration of protein in blood

hypospadias

congenital abnormality of urethral opening on underside of penis or into vagina

incontinence

inability to control excretion of urine, feces, or both

interstitial cystitis

chronic inflammation within walls of bladder

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

radiographic study of kidneys and ureters with contrast

kidney stones (nephroliths)

hard deposits formed in kidneys

lithotomy

surgical incision for removal of a stone

meatotomy

surgical incision of the urinary meatus

nephrolith

kidney stone

nephrolithiasis

presence of a stone in kidney

nephrolysis

surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

nephropathy

any disease of the kidney

nephroptosis

prolapse of a kidney

nephrostomy

placement of catheter to maintain opening from kidney to exterior

nephr/o kidney transplant

grafting of donor kidney into recipient

nephrotic syndrome

group of conditions marked by excessive protein loss in urine

nocturia

frequent urination during the night

nocturnal enuresis

urinary incontinence during sleep

oliguria

scanty urination

overactive bladder

bladder muscle contracts involuntarily even when bladder is not full

peritoneal dialysis

dialysis in which lining of peritoneal cavity acts as the filter

polyuria

excessive urination

prostatism

symptom from compression or obstruction of urethra due to BPH

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

blood test to screen for prostate cancer

pyelotomy

surgical incision into the renal pelvis

renal colic

acute pain in kidney area caused by blockage during passage of a stone

renal failure

inability of one or both kidneys to perform their functions

suprapubic catheter

placed into bladder through small incision made through abdominal wall

stress incontinence

urine leaks during physical activity or exertion

transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)

removal of excess prostate tissue with resectoscope

uremia

condition in which urea and other waste products build up in blood

ureterectasis

distention of a ureter

ureterolith

stone located anywhere along the ureter

ureterorrhagia

discharge of blood from ureter

urethra

tube extending from bladder to exterior of body

urethr/o

urethra

urethral meatus

external opening of the urethra

urethritis

inflammation of the urethra

urethroplasty

surgical repair of the urethra

urethrorrhagia

bleeding from the urethra

urethrorrhea

abnormal discharge from the urethra

urethrostomy

surgical creation of permanent opening between urethra and skin

urinary catheterization

insertion of tube to drain urine

urinary tract infection (UTI)

infection usually beginning in bladder

voiding cystourethrography

fluoroscopic examination of flow of urine from bladder and through urethra

Wilms tumor

rare type of malignant tumor of kidney that occurs in young children

homeostasis

Process of maintaining a stable internal environment

ureteral orifices

Openings where ureters drain urine into the bladder

rugae

Folds in the bladder that allow expansion and contraction

urinary sphincters

Muscles controlling the flow of urine from the bladder

urethral meatus

External opening of the urethra

genitourinary tract

Refers to urinary and reproductive organs collectively

renal cortex

Outer layer of the kidney where nephrons are located

renal medulla

Inner region of the kidney containing urine-collecting tubules

azotemia

Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

edema

Excess fluid accumulation in body tissues

ectopic kidney

Congenital condition where a kidney is abnormally positioned or fused

pyonephrosis

Suppuration (pus formation) of the kidney

renal cell carcinoma

Most common kidney cancer in adults

ureteral obstruction

Blockage of one or both ureters

vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

Backward flow of urine from bladder into ureters

vesicovaginal fistula

Abnormal opening between bladder and vagina

neurogenic bladder

Nerve pathway issue causing bladder dysfunction

ureteroscope

Specialized instrument used to remove a nephrolith